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ESTONIAN SYMPHONIC MUSIC. THE FIRST CENTURY 1896-1996.

THE INDEPENDENT REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA: THE INTRODUCTION OF INNOVATIONS FROM WESTERN ART AND THE EVOLUTION OF NATIONALLY ORIENTED MUSICAL TRENDS. IV. THE TWENTIES. ARTUR KAPP: ROMANTICIST AND DRAMATIST. V. THE INFLUENCE OF NEW WESTERN MUSICAL TRENDS. HEINO ELLER: A PROGRAMME PAINTER. VI. THE THIRTIES. THE WIDENING OF NATIONAL SYMPHONISM. THE RISE OF ATTENTION TO HISTORY AND FOLKLORE: JUHAN AAVIK, EDUARD TUBIN, EUGEN KAPP. VII. FURTHER MATURING OF SYMPHONIC MUSIC: HEINO ELLER, EVALD AAV, EDUARD TUBIN. THE FIRST ESTONIAN BALLET. SUMMARY OF THE REPUBLICAN PERIOD. HALF A CENTURY UNDER SOVIET OCCUPATION. IDEOLOGY OVER MUSIC. EXTENSIVE INFLUX OF CONTEMPORARY TRENDS. VIII. THE FORTIES. TRANSFORMATION OF ESTONIAN LIFE. THE WAR-TIME SYMPHONIC OUTPUT. IX. THE PLANTING OF NEW CREATIVE PRINCIPLES DURING THE POST-WAR YEARS. X. THE SECOND HALF OF THE FIFTIES. TOWARDS A MODERN IDIOM: EINO TAMBERG AND VELJO TORMIS. XI

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Styles in interior design

cathedrals in Mexico. Francis Ching described Baroque architecture as "a style of architecture originating in Italy in the early 17th century and variously prevalent in Europe and the New World for a century and a half, characterized by free and sculptural use of the classical orders and ornament, dynamic opposition and interpenetration of spaces, and the dramatic combined effects of architecture, sculpture, painting, and the decorative arts." Minimalism Minimalism describes movements in various

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English literature from the Baroque to the Romanticism

Jonson’s aim was also to be educative. Inigo Jones, Jonson’s collaborator, was the one to revolutionize in the field of visual perception, also adding moving machinery and a manipulation of artificial light to the scenery. Jones also viewed the masque as something to be used in educating people. This idea of art as an educative vehicle soon affected all the different areas of courtly life. Jones’s masque sets, for example, educated the audiences about classical antiquity and classical architecture. Jonson and Jones were the ones who gave the Stuart court an entertainment which linked poetry and moral philosophy to art. This was achieved by tying together the art of music, dance, poetry, and visually representing them in lavish illusionistic scenic display. In this way, kingship was portrayed as divine along with its doctrines, as it was also carefully formed into an educational experience. (Coursebook, pp. 5-7) 2. The Caroline Masque

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Flööt Jazzis ja selle ajalugu

style where improvisation exceeds the need for harmonic sequence. In 80s, flute player Hubert Laws collaborated with J.P.Rampal and performing several live concerts. The Eighties also saw a memorable series of recordings by trumpeter C.Baker , whos sideman Nicola Stilo established himself as one of the leading bebop flute players of the modern era. In modern era, techniques from east and different forms of ethnic music has developed jazzflute playing even further and along with western classical music, there is much investigation in this category by both parties. A flute player Robert Dick has done some serious research in the field of multiphonics and having released a book "The Other Flute", he was set as one of the founders of modern jazz playing. Sources used: www.flutehistory.com https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/jazz_flute members.chello.nl/guidiflute/history.html https://www.youtube.com/watch

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Theatres in Estonia

Nowadays, theatre has to prove its worth by means of art only. Estonian theatre arts is a mixture of German and Russian theatre. Theatres in Estonia, like elsewhere in the world, may be divided into three categories according to their form of ownership: state, municipal and private theatres. One of the six state theatres in Tallinn is the Russian Drama Theatre. Although its repertoire is Russian, quite a number of Estonian classical plays are staged there. The audiences are mostly people of Russian nationality. There are two music and dance theatres in Estonia: 'Vanemuine' in Tartu and the national opera 'Estonia'. The Vanemuine has its own drama company and is therefore the largest of Estonian theatres. Theatres in small cities cannot be merely regarded as employers located far from centres and therefore the more valuable. The whole local cultural life is centred around them.

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Theater of Tallinn

Theatre became especially popular amongst Estonians in the second half of the 19th century, as part of the national awakening process. Theatres in Estonia, like elsewhere in the world, may be divided into three categories according to their form of ownership: state, municipal and private theatres. In Estonia, the first prevail; there are 9 state and 1 municipal theatres, the Tallinn City Theatre. The famous music and ballet theatre is the Estonian National Opera in Tallinn. The Russian Drama Theatre is the most popular theatre among the Russian speakers. Despite that the most of the repertory is in Russian, quite a number of Estonian classical plays are staged there. The other important theatres in Tallinn are the Tallinn City Theatre, the Estonian Drama Theatre and the Estonian State Puppet Theatre. 3

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Renaissance

The Renaissance 1500 ­ 1650: background 1. What does the word ,,renaissance mean? Characterize briefly the period called the Renaissance. "The rebirth" from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth"; Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere "be born") Rebirth of scholarship based on classical learning and philosophy. The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. It encompassed a revival of learning based on classical sources, the development of linear perspective in painting, and gradual but widespread educational reform. (wikipedia)Bridge between Medieval Ages and Modern Era. 2. Where did the Renaissance start and why?

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United Kingdom

• England and Scotland were leading centres of the Scientific Revolution from the 17th century • Major theorists from the 17th and 18th centuries include Isaac Newton, from the 19th century Charles Darwin, James Clerk Maxwell. And more recently Stephen Hawking • Major scientific discoveriesinclude  1. Hydrogen by Henry Cavendish 2. Penicillin by Alexander Fleming 3. The structure of DNA by Francis Crick 4. And others  Music • Notable composers of classical music from the United Kingdom are William Byrd, Henry Purcell, Sir Edward Elgar, Gustav Holst, Sir Arthur Sullivan, Sir W. S. Gilbert, Ralph Vaughan Williams and Benjamin Britten • The UK is also home to world-renowned symphonic orchestras and choruses such as the BBC Symphony Orchestra and the London Symphony Chorus • The Beatles have international sales of over one billion units and are the biggest-

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