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2014-12-08
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Tundra Tundra is the world's youngest biome. It was formed 10 000 years ago. Located at latitudes 55° to 70° North. Almost all tundras are located in the Northern Hemisphere, encircling arctic desert and extending south to the coniferous forests of the taiga. The ecotone (ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. Tundra comes from the Finnish word tunturi, meaning treeless plain. It is noted for its frost-moulded landscapes, extremely low temperatures, little precipitation, poor nutrients, and short growing seasons. Dead organic material functions as a nutrient pool. The two major nutrients are nitrogen and phosphorus
snow. In the summer its fur is rusty, greyish brown but is turns pure white in the winter, except for its eyelids and the tips of their ears. They have three to four litters a year with one to eight in each litter. The snowshoe rabbit can run up to 27 mph and jump 10 feet in one hop. Since they are herbivores they are mainly prey. They are experts at escaping predators like the wolf, bobcat, or lynx. When a predator chases it, the rabbit will quickly change direction. They are also good swimmers and will jump in the water to make an escape. Polar bear Polar bear is the largest carnivore on land. The polar bear's fur is clear, not white. Light reflects off the fur and makes it look white. Their teeth and claws are very sharp so they can catch their prey easily. They hunt and eat seals, whale and walrus carcasses
called ice fjords, in which glaciers from the ice caps pass through valleys to the sea, where they form thousands of icebergs each year. The climate is extremely cold, although the south experiences a short summer. The mammals of Greenland are more American than European and include muskox, wolves, lemmings, and reindeer. The varieties of seal and whale, and most of the species of fish and seabird, are also American rather than European. Circumpolar animals, such as polar bears, arctic foxes, polar hares, and stoats, are also found. Greenlanders are a people of mixed ancestry, primarily Inuit and European, especially Danish Norwegian. Nearly all live on the narrow southwest coastal fringe. Fishing, sealing, and
types of habitats from Argentina to Panama. • Poaching, agricultural development, and increasing mining (kaevanamine) and oil exploration have threatened the long-term survival of South America's last remaining bear species. 6. POLAR BEAR • Listed as vulnerable (nõrk), the world's largest land carnivore is one of six bear species threatened with extinction. • The polar bear poulation is imperiled (ohustama) by climate change-induced melting of Arctic sea ice, which the bears depend on for hunting marine mammals. • Pollution, tourism, and oil development are 7. BROWN BEAR • The brown bear, the most widely distributed bear species in the world, was named a species of "least concern"—meaning the bears are not threatened with extinction. • The grizzly, a subspecies of the brown bear, has successfully rebounded in parts of the United States, thanks to U.S. Endangered Species Act protection.
American Pika Description American pikas are small, rodentlike mammals. Although they look like a squirrel or guinea pig, they're actually more closely related to rabbits and hares. Pikas have small, round, eggshaped bodies with big, round ears. They have brown and black fur, and no visible tail. They usually weigh about 170 grams and can live around 67 years but many die after 3 or 4 years. Range and Habitat American pikas live on highelevation cool mountains west of the Rocky Mountains. They generally reside in scree near or above tree line. They make their homes in the cracks between piles of rocks. Although they live in groups, American Pikas are territorial and will guard their area from others. Pikas are herbivores. They especially love grasses, weeds and tall wildflowers that grow in their rocky, high mountain habitat. When they find food, they will eat a portion of it and take the rest for safekeeping in a pile, for use during the winter season. Commu
year 2100. · By 2010 parts of the southern States will be abandoned due to the heat and the extreme weather, that partly includes Phoenix and Las Vegas. · The idea to move most of Phoenix and Las Vegas to the Tuktoyaktuk, Arctic Sea. · A six lane highway will be built so people from across North America can easily access the resort with their cars. · This resort is like a never ending party - At the end of the night, as the party comes to an end, everyone will have a chance to pause and relax, momentarily, then they can plunge into the next night's party. · Popualrity : In summer there is a change to enjoy a 20 hour sunshine. In winter it would be even busier, because
In the winter, grassland temperatures can be as low as -40° C, and in the summer it can be as high 20° C. There are two real seasons: a growing season and a dormant season. The growing season is when there is no frost and plants can grow (which lasts from 100 to 175 days). During the dormant (not growing) season nothing can grow because it's too cold. Taiga- Long, cold winters, and short, mild, wet summers are typical of this region. In the winter, chilly winds from the arctic cause bitterly cold weather in the taiga. The length of day also varies with the seasons in the taiga. Winter days are short, while summer days are long. The average temperature is below freezing for six months out of the year. The winter temperature range is -50 to -1° C The high in summer can be 20° C. The summers are mostly warm, rainy and humid. They are also very short with about 50 to 100 frost free days. The total precipitation in a year is 300 - 850 mm 4
CANADA Canada is a vast country, second largest country of the world after Russia. It stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and to the Arctic Ocean in the North. Canada Covers most of the northern part of North America and its geography is very diverse. Canada's area is about 10 million square kilometers and its population is 31 000 000. Its capital is Ottowa and other main cities are Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Almost 75 % of canadians lives within 300 kilometer of the USA border, because the climate is softer in the South. 89 % of Canada is almost unhabited.
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