literature? (workhouses, slums, child labour, disease, etc) 5. What ideas and reforms were behind the 'woman question'? Describe the three types of the Victorian women, their roles and development throughout time? 6. Self-help books and the ideology behind them? 7. What is literary realism (definition, development)? Who were the writers whose style is best characterised by this term? 8. Victorian poetry: the dilemmas between aesthetics and morality. Tennyson and Browning, the Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood: main subjects and ways of writing poetry 9. The Development and role of the novel. Social novels: themes, ideas. 10. Charles Dickens: general characteristics of his life. Note that these are just general questions for revision, in the test you might get a more detailed question. There is a fair possibility of a poetry analysis type of a question.
Sünninimi: Charles John Huffam Dickens Sünnikuupäev: 7. veebruar 1812 Surmakuupäev: 9. juuni 1870 Sünnikoht: Portsmouth, Hampshire, Inglismaa Ema: Elizabeth Dickens (neiupõlvenimega Barrow) (1789-1863) Isa: John Dickens (17861851) Õded: Frances Elizabeth, Laetitia Mary ja Harriet Vennad: Alfred Allen, Frederick , Alfred Lamert ja Augustus Abikaasa: Catherine Thompson Hogarth (1836-1858) Lapsed: Charles Culliford Boz, Mary, Kate Macready, Walter Landor, Francis Jeffrey, Alfred D'Orsay Tennyson, Sydney Smith Haldimand, Henry Fielding, Dora Annie ja Edward Bulwer Lytton Surmakoht: Gads Hill, Inglismaa Surma põhjus: ajurabandus Matmispaik: Westminster Abbey, Poet's Corner Perekond Charles John Huffam Dickens sündis 7. veebruaril 1812. aastal Hampshire'i krahvkonnas Portsmouthis Inglismaal. Tema isa John Dickens (17861851) töötas laevatööstuse ametnikuna Portsmouthis ja teenis aastas 80 naela. Oma iseloomult oli Charles´i isa lobisemishimuline, üsna kohmetu,
Idealism belief in the goodness of mankind Revolutionary ides about politics, marriage, women Atheism Philosophical relationships Metaphorical language Sensuous aestheticism John Keats was one of the principal poets of the English Romantic movement. During his short life, his work received constant critical attacks from periodicals of the day, but his posthumous influence on poets such as Alfred Tennyson has been immense. Elaborate word choice and sensual imagery characterize Keats's poetry; including a series of odes that were his masterpieces and which remain among the most popular poems in English literature. Ode is a form of stately and elaborate lyrical verse. A classic ode is structured in three parts: the strophe, the antistrophe, and the epode. Different forms such as the homostrophic ode and the irregular ode also exist. 8
"The Scapegoat"(1854-5)- (patuoinas) He wanted to use something from Christs life while visiting the Holy land. As part of the Jewish ritual of Atonement(lunastus), two goats are selected, one to be sacrificed and the other to be released into the wilderness to atone for the sins of the community. The goat depicted Jesus. During the process of creating this painting Hunt found a goat near the Dead Sea and studied and painted it for a long time. "The Lady of Shalott" ( 1886 1905)- poem by Tennyson "The Lady of Shalott". (the Lady's "isolation in the tower and her decision to participate in the living world) The painting depicts the moment when the lady decides to rebel and looks out of the window at Sir Lancelot. Her punishment for this will be death. The motivation to create this painting came probably from the fact that the end of the 19th century was the time when suffragettes started their movements and women freedom was a big issue.
· What were their aims/concerns? Main aims were to restore old things; make new things more like Gothic (old); displaying old things etc. · What was the ides behind the creation of the public park? In towns there was a need for "green lungs"; air of the city was problematic; people had a place to go on a free day (people started to work 6 days in a week- 1 day off); a place for different classes to mingle and mix (Georgian/landscape park with Romantic/pleasure garden etc.) 3) Lord Tennyson and Victorian poetry · What was his main source of inspiration? He was inspired by romantic authors, especially Keats; another source was King Arthur and Arthurian Tales; (also inspired by nature many descriptions of nature, in many works discussed the role of man and woman in society; morbid themes/deaths etc.); · His works: Collection ,,Poems", ,,The Epic. Morte d'Arthur", ,,Idylls of a King", ,,The Holy Grail", ,,In Memoriam A.H.H" · Other important Victorian poets:
Poetry from the 1850s onward departed from romantic and realist concerns, instead concentrated on meditations on nature and the fate of the world. Artists became the elite. An escape from the everyday and contemporary – history, feelings, myth, fairy-‐tale, medieval idealism. Lord Alfred Tennyson, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, and Lewis Morris. Pre-‐Raphaelite Brotherhood – a group of English painters, poets and critics was founded in 1848. Idealised classical art, especially Raphael. Initially seven members but many more associated with the group
mõjuvõim juhib ja kujundab iseloomu kuni lõpuni." The Times · ,,Öeldakse, et mees on tugev, valitseb maad ja merd... Kuid jõud, millel võimsam on vägi mehe troonist on jätnud ilma sest hälli kiigutav käsi valitseb tervet maailma." William Ross Wallace · ,,Meie suure õnnistusrikka Taevase Ema pärast ja omaenda väikses maise ema armastuse pärast tuleks igal mehel kogu naissugu õrnalt kohelda ja neid kõigiti au sees pidada." Alfred, Lord Tennyson · [Ema] ,,Selles sõnad sisaldub naisterahva auväärsus ja kalleim ehe." Martin Luther · ,,Meie, naised, oleme alati olnud need, kes on ehitanud ja kokku pannud varjualuse ja pelgupaiga kõikidele oma inimestele oma naabritele, oma perele." June Jordan 3 3.peatükk Ema suur armastus · ,,"Ema" on sõna, mis teeb kõik inimesed terves maailmas õnnelikuks, ta on
· ius, iustitia, suum cuique Ilias ja Odüsseia Telegoneia (eepilise küklose osa) 20 tragöödiad (Sophokles: Philoktetes, Aias; William Blake'i illustratsioon Euripides: Hekabe, Rhesos, Dantele (18. saj lõpp) Palamedes [frg.]) Euripidese saatürdraama Kükloop ROOMA Seneca, Troojalannad Alfred Tennyson Vergilius, Aeneis; Ovidius Ulysses (1833): It little profits that an idle king, Telegoneia By this still hearth, among these ODYSSEUS barren crags, PENELOPE KALLIDIKE* KIRKE Match'd with an aged wife, I mete TELEMACHOS and dole POLYPOITES Unequal laws unto a savage race,
A Clear Midnight This is thy hour O Soul, thy free flight into the wordless, Away from books, away from art, the day erased, the lesson done, Thee fully forth emerging, silent, gazing, pondering the themes thou lovest best. Night, sleep, and the stars. Had I the Choice Had I the choice to tally greatest bards, To limn their portraits, stately, beautiful, and emulate at will, Homer with all his wars and warriors--Hector, Achilles, Ajax, Or Shakespeare's woe-entangled Hamlet, Lear, Othello--Tennyson's fair ladies, Meter or wit the best, or choice conceit to weild in perfect rhyme, delight of singers; These, these, O sea, all these I'd gladly barter, Would you the undulation of one wave, its trick to me transfer, Or breathe one breath of yours upon my verse, And leave its odor there. Mark Twain Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 April 21, 1910), better known by the pen name Mark Twain, was an American author and humorist
The complete alliteration of Anglo-Saxon poetry is sometimes used for humorous purposes: Susan Simpson strolled sedately, Stifling sobs, suppressing sighs. (Anon.) Alliteration may have its share in producing an ironic effect. Byron, for example, pokes fun at the sugar sweetness of writers of love songs through the consonants in the second line of When amatory poets sing their loves In liquid lines mellifluously bland... A. may convey various shades of meaning. A.Tennyson, by the use of consonants, suggests firmness and hardness of the eagle and rock in 14 He clasps the crag with crooked hands... In the following example the initial ,,f" is particularly appropriate to the image of the blowing wind: The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, The furrow followed free ... (S.T. Coleridge)
Andromache mehe Hectori püha haua, kuhu poiss on peidetud. Andromache mõistab hukka Odüsseuse süüdistused, mis ta on teinud jumalatele ja prohvetitele . „Aeneis“ – Vergilius Keskaeg „Jumalik komöödia“ – Dante. Odysseus läks uuesti seiklema, jõudis Atlandi ookeani. Seal nägi meres suurt mäge, mis oli sissepääsuks purgatooriumi. Tema laev uppus selle mäe juures. „Ulysses“ Alfred Tennyson – Odysseus läheb taas rändama, tema rännakud ei lõppe kunagi. „Ulysses“ James Joyce – üks päev Dublini ärimehe Leopold Bloomi elus „Odüsseia sünd“ Jean Giono – antiheroiline lugu, milles Odysseus on valetaja, kes on kõik oma seiklused välja mõelnud varjamaks, et on aastaid teiste naiste juures olnud. „Odüsseia: tänapäevane järg“ Nikos Kazantzakis – Odysseus läheb uuesti
hand in hand with the connotations it evokes. According to Boulton: · B and p--quickness, movement, scorn · M, n, ng--humming, singing · l--liquids in motion, water · k, g, st, ts, ch--harshness, cruelty · s, sh--hissing, also soft and soothing sounds Assonance--vocalic alliteration, repetition of stressed vowels. It has melodious and emphatic patterns. (Forgive what seemed my sin in me--Tennyson) Normally it does not appear alone: it is accompanied by other means of sound orchestration. There have also been attempts to relate vowel sounds to the meaning they convey. · The sound [I] is said to produce the impression of lightness, airiness, brightness. · The length of vowels is also relevant--long vowels tend to sound more peaceful and solemn than short ones. Rhyme--is a special kind of regular sound repetition occurring at the end of poetic lines
up") - lexically expressed reference to the fact of comparison (resemble, seem, remind) (e.g. "He reminded James of a hungry cat.") Many similes have become clichés (e.g. "blind as a bat", "fresh like a rose", "smoke like a chimney", etc.) 3. Euphemism is a variety of periphrasis. It is a mild, vague expression for a harsh, rude one (e.g. "death" Byron: "dream sleep", Alfred Tennyson "crossing the bar", Shakespeare "the journey's end"). Many euphemisms have become phraseological units: "a gentleman of fortune" (adventurer), "little Mary" (stomach), "a gentleman in brown" (a flea). More original cases are of greater interest to stylistics (e.g. "China is a country where you often get different accounts of the same thing.") 4. Personification a figure of speech that presents inanimate things as human beings. The
As drunk as a lord 2. лорд (принятая неофициальная форма титулования маркизов, графов, виконтов и баронов, напр., Lord Hailsham; имя может ставиться только перед титулом, напр., Alfred, Lord Tennyson) 3. лорд (титулование пожизненного пэра) 4. the Lord, Lord God – Господь Бог My Lord! – Господи! My lord – милорд (официальное обращение к пэрам, епископам, судьям Верховного суда) 10. lady (L.) 1. леди (принятая форма титулования маркизы
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