Psühhodünaamiline paradigma Karen Danielson Horney (1885-1952) Kultuuriline psühhoanalüüs Horney, K. (1937). The neurotic personality of our time. Horney, K. (1950). Neurosis and human growth. Baasprintsiip: kaasasündinud vajadus arenguks, organismi võimaluste realiseerimine. eneseteostus (self-realization) Eesmärk: terviklikkus I. Kaks vajaduste rühma · turvalisusvajadus (need for security) füüsiline ja psühholoogiline · rahuldamisvajadus (need for satisfaction) füsioloogilised, psühholoogilised (näit. raha
Psühhodünaamiline paradigma Karen Danielson Horney (1885-1952) Kultuuriline psühhoanalüüs Horney, K. (1937). The neurotic personality of our time. Horney, K. (1950). Neurosis and human growth. Baasprintsiip: kaasasündinud vajadus arenguks, organismi võimaluste realiseerimine. eneseteostus (self-realization) Eesmärk: terviklikkus I. Kaks vajaduste rühma · turvalisusvajadus (need for security) füüsiline ja psühholoogiline · rahuldamisvajadus (need for satisfaction) füsioloogilised, psühholoogilised (näit. raha
sotsiaalne kontroll, vanemad perfektsionism alateadvus moonutab vanemate soovid a. ideaal-mina, ego ideaal ego ideal kiitus, uhkus b. südametunnistus conscience karistus, häbi IV Ego kaitsemehhanismid Ärevus anxiety ohusignaal ego blokeerib id'i impulsid isiksuse integreerimine sünd - esimene traumeeriv sündmus ärevus: a. objektiivne ärevus reality anxiety väline oht b. neurootiline ärevus neurotic anxiety id'i ja ego konflikt neuroos (represseeritud idee väljendus) c. moraalne ärevus moral anxiety id'i ja superego konflikt süü ja häbi Ärevus on peamine motiveeriv jõud ja pinge allikas Isiksuse intergreerimiseks peab ego moonutama ärevust tekitavaid impulsse või blokeerima nende väljendusi normaalne isiksus - kaitsemehhanismid Kaitsemehhanismid "töötavad" alateadvuse tasemel Represseerimine repression hirmutavate mõtete väljasurumine teadvusest
sotsiaalne kontroll, vanemad perfektsionism alateadvus moonutab vanemate soovid a. ideaal-mina, ego ideaal ego ideal kiitus, uhkus b. südametunnistus conscience karistus, häbi IV Ego kaitsemehhanismid Ärevus anxiety ohusignaal ego blokeerib id'i impulsid isiksuse integreerimine sünd - esimene traumeeriv sündmus ärevus: a. objektiivne ärevus reality anxiety väline oht b. neurootiline ärevus neurotic anxiety id'i ja ego konflikt neuroos (represseeritud idee väljendus) c. moraalne ärevus moral anxiety id'i ja superego konflikt süü ja häbi Ärevus on peamine motiveeriv jõud ja pinge allikas Isiksuse intergreerimiseks peab ego moonutama ärevust tekitavaid impulsse või blokeerima nende väljendusi normaalne isiksus - kaitsemehhanismid Kaitsemehhanismid "töötavad" alateadvuse tasemel Represseerimine repression hirmutavate mõtete väljasurumine teadvusest
Effects Organisational commitment can have either a negative or a positive effect on the organization. The negative effect implies that the level of organisational commitment is low. Employees with a low level of organisational commitment tend to be unproductive and some become loafers at work. In some cases the high rate of staff turnover and absenteeism are associated with the low level of organisational commitment. Sometimes, when organizational commitment is over-commitment it may cause neurotic compulsion to succeed, extreme high level of energy, overly loyal employees. On the other hand, when commitment is under-commitment it may cause fear of success or failure, chronic and persistent procrastination. Organisations whose members have higher levels of commitment show higher performance and productivity and lower levels of absenteeism and tardiness. This implies that employees with a high level of commitment tend to take greater efforts to perform and invest their resources in the
cognitive failures, driver stress, emotion-oriented coping, physical symptoms · "It is now well established that people who are neurotic--often anxious, occasionally depressed, regularly disgruntled--are more likely to report feeling lousy and to seek medical care." Paul Costa
Alateadvus, eelteadvus, teadvus, sotsiaalne kontroll, vanemad, perfektsionism. a) Ideaalmina, ego ideaal – kiitus, uhkus b) Südametunnistus – häbi, karistus. On nägemine, aga puudub energia? IV Ego kaitsemehhanismid: ego blokeerib id’i impulsid isiksuse integreerimine sünd - esimene traumeeriv sündmus. ÄREVUS (tunne, et midagi halba hakkab juhtuma): objektiivne ärevus (reality anxiety) - väline oht. Objekt/keskkonna hirm. neurootiline ärevus (neurotic anxiety) - id’i ja ego konflikt, neuroos (represseeritud idee väljendus). Tappa oma vanemad, ohjeldamatu seksuaalsus, miski mis on seotud hävitamisega. Kogu elu kaasaskäiv. moraalne ärevus (moral anxiety) - id’i ja superego konflikt, süü ja häbi.Kogu elu kestev. Ärevus on peamine motiveeriv jõud ja pinge allikas. Isiksuse intergreerimiseks peab ego moonutama ärevust tekitavaid impulsse või blokeerima nende väljendusi
· Naturalist find it absurd to blame the wicked. These criminals are doing what nature, environment, their unconscious tells them to do. Naturalists do not judge their characters, they simply report. Try to describe facts like they are. Naturalists depict the lower, coarser forms of life. · Drab, squallid set of scene. Revolting, disgusting · Characters are people with strong animal desires · Neurotic characters unable to understand the forces that control them · By the end of the 18th century the naturalism depicts in europe, but stars to become the literature method no 1 in america · Naturalism appealed American authors because they found it very right to describe what was going on in the turn of century in America · They wanted something fresh, new · They were disgusted by romantics · Showed the harsh tone in moral life
How to fight the uncertainty in partner's behaviour Animal behaviour; animal personalities · Neuroticism o + neuroticism, + anxiety (not very important in researches) · Extraversion o +extraversion; +sociability · Psychoticism o conscientious; -agreeable; +psychoticism; +impulsive; +sensation seeking; +aggression · Behavioural syndromes (non-human animal personalities) slide 45 · Shy-bold syndrome bolder animals are less neurotic and adapt better. Relationship between cooperation and personality? · Individual great tits differ in the way they explore a novel environment, and this is correlated with differences in behaviour towards novel objects. · Fast explorers are bold, risk-taking and aggressive, while shy explorers are slower, less risk-taking and non-aggressive · Personality is expected to cause differences in individual reactions to nest predators and
locus of control than children in larger families Seoseid Samal ajal: • Internals can be psychologically unhealthy and unstable. An internal orientation usually needs to be matched by competence, self-efficacy and opportunity so that the person is able to successfully experience the sense of personal control and responsibility. • Overly internal people who lack competence, efficacy and opportunity can become neurotic, anxious and depressed. In other words, internals need to have a realistic sense of their circle of influence in order to experience 'success'. • Externals can lead easy-going, relaxed, happy lives Internaalid – vastutus iseendal, eksternaalid saavad atributeerida väljapoole. Pinget ja vastutust vähem! Seligman: õpitud abitus Martin Seligman (s. 1942, Ameerika psühholoog, aktiivne eneseabi tekstide tootja)
wait. Which is it going to be? One says stop, one says go.... Which is it!?" When the researchers remained at loggerheads, the subjects tried frantically to determine who was the bigger boss. Failing this route to obedience with the authority, every subject finally followed his better instincts and ended the shocks. As in the other experimental variations, such a result would hardly be expected had the subjects' motivations involved some form of sadism or neurotic aggressiveness. l To Milgram's mind, evidence of a chilling phenomenon emerges repeatedly from his accumulated data. "It is the extreme willingness of adults to go to almost any lengths on the command of an authority that constitutes the chief finding of the study" (Milgram, 1974). There are sobering implications of this finding for those concerned about the ability of another form of authority-government-to extract frightening levels of obedience from ordinary citizens
expressions of the parts that make up a complete personality. CHARACTER FLAWS Interesting flaws humanize a character. W e can recognize bits of ourselves in a Hero who is challenged to overcome inner doubts, errors in thinking, guilt or trauma from the past, or fear of the future. Weaknesses, imperfections, quirks, and vices im mediately make a Hero or any character more real and appealing. It seems the more neurotic characters are, the more the audience likes them and identifies with them. Flaws also give a character somewhere to go — the so-called "character arc" in which a character develops from condition A to condition Z through a series of steps. Flaws are a starting point of imperfection or incompleteness from which a character can grow. T h e y may be deficiencies in a character. Perhaps a Hero has no romantic partner, and is looking for the "missing piece" to complete her life
needed or as budget allows. More sophisticated tests can be prescribed by a physician if the basics show abnormalities. Not sure what CBC or TSH is? In the beginning, I wasn't either, but you can learn any of them in 60 seconds. For that matter, you could learn all of them in 60 minutes. Use www.fourhourbody.com/bloodtests to look up unfamiliar blood test terms, or to get a better understanding of your own results. Here are a few guidelines to prevent you from going Woody Allen neurotic: 1. If you can't act on it or enjoy it, don't bother testing it. No one needs to learn they're predisposed to a disease they can do nothing to fix. Focus on actionable items and ignore the rest. 2. Take the same tests at the same time. Timing matters ... a lot. To compare before and after results for a given test, aim for the same time of day, same day of the week, and (if female) same point in your menstrual cycle. Testosterone levels, as just one example, can easily change
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