1. ÜLESANNE 1) packaging 2) leftovers 3) carton 4) landfill 5) natural ressources 6) household rubbish 7) reduce 2. ÜLESANNE 1) too/ very little 2) too much 3) a few 4) a little 5) (very) many 6) too much 3. ÜLESANNE 1) goes 2) 'll tell 3) doesn't get 4) 'll have 5) is 4. ÜLESANNE 1) D 2) C 3) E 4) F 5) B 6) A
How can we increase the quality of breathable air? “I’ll go out for a breath of fresh air” is an often-heard phrase. But how many of us realize that this has become irrelevant in today’s world? Air pollution is the addition of any harmful substances to the atmosphere, which causes the damaging of the environment, human health and the quality of life. Firstly, we should use green methods of powering like wind energy and landfill gas energy. This would reduce the amount of harmful gases. Another useful suggestion would be to plant trees. In this way we can increase the source of breathable oxygen. Unfortunately, many companies are contributing to deforestation. Finally, it would help if we put taxes on carbon emissions or higher taxes on gasoline. In this way people and companies will have greater incentives to conserve energy and pollute less. In conclusion, there are many ways to pollute the air less
Church of St. Simeon and the Prophetess Hanna Nestled along a street near Tallinn Harbour is this fairytale, wooden church built in 1752 - 55 on the initiative of Russian sailors. St. Simeon's is the second Orthodox church to have sprung up as part of the suburban building boom that followed the Great Northern War. Since the coastline was considerably closer to the city in those days, the church was built practically on the edge of the water, and its foundation required some landfill. According to legend, rubble from shipwrecks was used for this purpose. The building was seriously damaged during the Soviet period, when it was turned into a sports hall. During this time it also lost its bell tower and onion dome. Fortunately the church was restored after Estonia regained independence, and since 2001, an Estonian Orthodox congregation has once again been active here. In the church's bell tower there is a museum of orthodox church textiles.
The waste poses substantial threats to public health and to the environment. Hazardous waste is mostly produced by major industries. Almost all industries have to get rid of the waste that has been produced due to their work. Mostly, it is difficult and expensive to get rid of the waste so that it does not endanger the environment or human lives. Many industries create landfills to store waste and quite often the new landfill is near the water. The levels of dangerous waste continue to grow thanks to individuals too. Some people are too lazy to throw the trash into the litter bin. They think that it is easier to dump it without realizing that it could be dangerous for the environment. As a solution, the government can increase regulations on the disposal of hazardous waste. It can create modern landfills that are using modern technologies. Those
kogus/hulk volume vastupandamatu compelling kokkupõrge/mõju impact gobaalne soojenemine global warming kliimamuutused climate hange kasvuhooneefekt the green house effect osooniaugud the hole in the ozone layer happevihm acid rain metsaraie deforestation rahavastikukadu depopulation reostus pollution sudu smog biolagunev biodegradable looduskaitse conservation prügimägi dumping ground kekskkonnasõbralik eco-friendly prügila landfill ümbertöötlemine recycling taastuvate renewable korduvkasutatav reusable ära visatud throwaway seeme- seed eduvalem the seeds of success rahulolematus the seeds of discontent revolutsiooni alge the seeds of revolution juur - root tagasi juurte juurde going back to your roots probleemi alguses the root of problem traditisoon the roots of traditsion juurduma putting down roots/take root kindlalt juurdunud firmly rooted sügavalt juurdunud deeply rooted
plastic and one for paper. Use them correctly. Anyway you should avoid using plastic- it never breaks down, and has led to the poisoning and death of numerous sea creatures. Don’t use plastic bags, use reusable fabric bags instead. Don’t waste food, use up your leftovers. Also if you have usable clothes or household items that you don’t need anymore, donate them to charity or sell them, instead of sending them to the landfill. You can protect the enviroment by reducing, reusing and recycling. All these little things like using rechargable batteries, turning off your computers at night, paying bills online, using both sides of paper or planting a tree and so on, all these things matter. It’s not much asked to do these simple and small things for the enviroment.
recycle, local/regional/global problems, destruction, prediction, depletion, remorseless b) farmers in the Amazon region acid rain, organic farming, poverty, famine, floods, fertile land, fell trees, dry up, clog up, growth of population, disaster, beyond our control, protection, eruption, reduction c) owners of a paper factory in Estonia waste chemicals, dump industrial waste, fuel/electricity consumption, energy-efficient, beyond our control, biodegradable waste, landfill, soot, exhaust fumes, reusable materials, emission, penetration, pollution, inadmissibly high IV Explain the meaning of the words Habitat, become extinct, litter, urban sprawl, deforestation, acid rain, water contamination, destruction of the ozone layer, packaging, pollution, endangered species, debris, recycling bin, rubbish bin, recycled materials, clog up
aluspõhi Maja alumine osa saab kahjustada (Bedrock) Maja kukub kokku Murranguala (Fault zone) Maja praguneb Maja vajub ühe poolega maa sisse Pehmed Maja vajus ühele küljele ära setted (Landfill) c) Kas sinu hüpotees ühtis animatsioonilt nähtuga? Jah Mõtiskle, millised peaksid olema hoonete vundamendid ja ehituskonstruktsioonid, et majad erinevatel pinnastel maavärinatele vastu peaksid? Otsi näiteid seismiliselt aktiivsetest piirkondadest (Jaapan, USA, Island jne). Raili Jahtmaa Nimi:.................................. Klass: ..............................
Natural resources-our treasure Natural resources are land or raw materials like minerals, fluids, gases, organic matters and also woods, groundwater, animals and so on, in other words it's everything that human hasn't created. These resources are also used in industry. We get natural resources from the environment. Many of them are essential for our survival while others are used for satisfying our wants. Renewable resources: Some natural resources can be reproduced within a few years or decades. These are called renewable resources. Solar radiation, wind and hydroelectricity, are perpetual resources that are in no danger of a lack of long-term availability. Some natural renewable resources such as geothermal power, fresh water, timber, and biomass must be carefully managed to avoid exceeding the worlds capability to displace them. Solar energy is the energy derived directly from the Sun...
6) Tina and James have been to a sports camp, but Ann hasn't. 7) James goes hiking every summer, but Tina and Ann don't. 4. ÜLESANNE 1) Arkansas 2) with her grandmother ( in Arkansas ) 3) African American female cable car conductor 4) worked as a waitress and cook / had to support herself and her son 5) the Civil Rights Movement 6) Egypt and Ghana / Africa 7) was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize 8) more than 30 works UNIT 18 TEST 1. ÜLESANNE 1) packaging 2) leftovers 3) carton 4) landfill 5) natural resources 6) household rubbish 7) reduce 2. ÜLESANNE 1) too/ very little 2) too much 3) a few 4) a little 5) (very) many 6) too much 3. ÜLESANNE 1) goes 2) 'll tell 3) doesn't get 4) 'll have 5) is 4. ÜLESANNE 1) D 2) C 3) E 4) F 5) B 6) A TEST 19 TEST 1. ÜLESANNE 1) The leprechaun is a magic creature in Irish legends. 2) Fairies can make your wishes come true. 3) My granny has a large greenhaouse; so we can eat freash vegetables throughout the year.
•− Õlikultuurid (Oilseed crops) 4. Veetaimed (Aquatic plants): •− Mikrovetikad (Algae) •− Merevetikad (Water weed) •− Vesihüatsint (Water hyacinth) •− Pilliroog ja kõrkjad (Reed and ruhes 5. Toiduviljad (Food crops): •− Teraviljad (Grains) •− Õliviljad (Oil crops) 6. Suhkrutaimed (Sugar crops): •− Suhkruroog (Sugar cane) •− Suhkrupeet (Sugar beets) •− Siirup e melass (Molasses) •− Sorgo (Sorghum) 7. Prügilajäätmed (Landfill) 8. Orgaanilised tööstusjäätmed (Industrial organic wastes) 9. Vetikad, pruunvetikad, samblikud ja samblad (Algae, kelps, lichens and mosses) 12. Biomassi lähteressursid Eestis Maaressurss Metsaressurss Puit on kõige suurema majandusliku potentsiaaliga biokütus nii soojuse kui ka elektri tootmiseks Eestis. Energiapuit Energiakultuuride ( - Õlirikkad kultuurid: raps, rüps, valge sinep, tuder, õlikanep, - Kiirekasvulised puuliigid: paju, hall lepp, kask, haab,
(2003E) Environmental Overview Energy-Related 564.6 million metric tons, of which Oil (41%), Natural Gas (34%), Carbon Dioxide Coal (25%) Emissions (2003E) Per-Capita, 9.5 metric tons Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions (2003E) Carbon Dioxide 0.4 Metric tons per thousand $2000-PPP** Intensity (2003E) Environmental by 2005 the government aims to reduce the amount of industrial Issues and commercial waste disposed of in landfill sites to 85% of 1998 levels and to recycle or compost at least 25% of household waste, increasing to 33% by 2015; between 1998-99 and 1999- 2000, household recycling increased from 8.8% to 10.3% Major party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Environmental Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Agreements Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living
........................................................................................... 46 13.7 Geothermal energy and the environment..................................................................46 BIOMASS............................................................................................................................46 14.1 Wood and wood waste..............................................................................................47 14.2 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, and biogas........................................................48 14.3 Biofuels - ethanol and biodiesel............................................................................... 48 2 14.4 Biomass and the environment...................................................................................49 COAL......................................................................................................
või tekkekohas kasutuselt kõrvaldatud esemed, ained või nende jäägid. Jäätmed on materjal, millest üht-teist teha või toota annab. Prügi – kasutuskõlbmatute ainete, esemete või materjalide segu, mis enamasti veetakse prügilasse või põletatakse. Praht – on see, mis maha pillutud. Prügi ladestamine • Ajapikku tekkis vajadus prügilate järele • Prügi pandi maapinnalohkudesse ‘silma alt ära’ – nii tekkis inglise keelde mõiste landfill. • Prügi tuli ladestada võimalikult väikesele alale – nii tekkisidki prügilad. • Prügikihte hakati katma 1900-te algul, tavatehnoloogiaks sai see 80-ndatel. • Ladestamine prügilasse on levinuim prügikäitlusviis tänapäevani Miks on prügilad kahjulikud? Ümbrus – maa kliima soojenemine, osoonikihi hõrenemine, mürgised gaasid, hais, müra Prügimägi – linnud, närilised, putukad, lendpraht ja tolm, tule ja plahvatusoht, taimestik hävimine, pinnase reostumine
interact with (v) intimacy (n) intriguingly (adv) invade (v) inventor (n) invest (v) involve (v) ironically (adv) irrelevant (adj) irresponsible (adj) irritable (adj) isolated (adj) issue (n) J it goes to show that (phr) itch (v) jam (n) janitor (n) jeep (n) jet-lagged (adj) jigsaw (n) junction (n) jungle (n) justify (v) kayaking (n) keep up (phr v) key (adj) key ring (n) kidnapper (n) laboratory (n) labour-saving (adj) lack (v) lack of demand (n) 16 lagoon (n) landfill (n) landmark (n) landscape (n) lane (n) lap (n) laptop (n) last chance (n) launch (n) laundrette (n) layer (n) leak (n) leap (n) leave a lot to be desired (phr) legitimate (adj) lens (n) leopard (n) lessen (v) let down (adj) lifelong (adj) life-raft (n) like (adv) line (n) lines (n pl) litter (n unc) livelihood (n) lively (adj) load (v) lobby (n) loft (n) long haul (n) long-standing (adj) look into (phr v) loose (adj) lorry (n) lose out (on) (phr v) lose touch with (idm) loudspeaker (n)
19 Kasutatud kirjandus Interneti väljaanded www.arheo.ut.ee/Baltimaad.pdf www.kliinikum.ee/.../doc/oppematerjalid/.../Sooleinfektsioon2.doc http://www.history.ee/Doktorid/Valk_phd.html http://www.blcremationsystems.com/Index.html Trükised Ahmet S. Üçisik & Philip Rushbrook; The Impact of Cemeteries the environment and public healt, Denmark, 1998 Dent, B.B. & Knight, M.J. Cemeteries: a special kind of landfill. In: Proceedings of IAH Sustainable Solutions Conference, Melbourne, February 1998. Kenilworth, International Association of Hydrologists, 1998. Environment Agency, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Unpublished information, 1998. L. Rodrigues and A. Pacheco; Groundwater contamination from cemeteries cases of study, Portugal, 2003 R. Kalle; Kalmistujäätmete käitlemine Põlva maakonna näitel, magistritöö keskkonnakaitse erialal, 2005 V
You know, instead 3 can't 6 might of throwing it in the rubbish. Challenge! Boy Good idea! That way, we'd send Students' own answers 3 Students' own answers less waste to landfill sites. 4 1 may/might/could have opened 7B Advice, obligation and 2 must have left 4 1 energy 3 drinking prohibition page 58 3 might be 2 glazing 4 bin
Jäätmemajandus ja jäätmekäitlus 9 Jäätmemajandus ja jäätmekäitlus 10 Jäätmekäitluse areng Jäätmekäitluse areng Eestis Asjad meie ümber muutuvad varem linnastumine või hiljem kasutuks, s.o jäätmeteks. prügimägi (dumping site) prügila (landfill) Ühiskonna suhtumine jäätmekäitlusse tootmise koondumine suurettevõtetesse Prügi - kasutusel olmejäätmete kohta üleminek kaugküttele Heakord loomapidamise keeld linnades Ebakompetentselt või vääralt tehismaterjalide kasutuselevõtt
the ring I had been looking for. page 84 2 We're going to see a Roman villa 5 1 a hit 4 come up with 1 1 degrade 7 exported which I once did a school project 2 lucrative 5 the climax 2 landfill 8 greenhouse on. 3 meticulously gases 3 We watched the road movie that 3 thermostat 9 seats Challenge! Students' own answers Greg was telling me about. 4 emissions 10 altitude 4 Laura got the promotion (that)
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