IRELAND
The Emerald
Island
Ireland has two nicknames
e ra l d
Em
Th e
Isl e
The
Is l a nd
of S
aints
a nd
Scho
l a rs
9000 years ago...
ice more ice
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2011-11-03
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Alice Edel
Õppematerjali autor
1. Ancient Britain: the Celtic tribes. 2000 years ago there was an Iron Age Celtic culture throughout the Br Isles. It seems that the Celts, who had been arriving from Europe from the 8th cent BC onward, intermingled with the peoples who were already there. The Celts were extremely talented people, creative and artistic. More than 1 Celtic tribe invaded Br. The descendants of ancient Celts live in Wales, Scotland, Cornwall and Ireland. They lived in primitive society. Druids priests, more powerful than chiefs. Acted like prophets. 2. Stonehenge From prehistoric period. Was built on Salisbury plain between 2500 and 1500 bc. One of the most famous and mysterious archaeological sites in the world. One of the mysteries is how it was built at all with the technology of the time. Another is its purpose. It appears to function as a kind on
*The Picts, Caledonia The Romans called Scotland 'Caledonia' because the dominant tribe of Picts they encountered was the Calidonii. Romans thought they were barbarian savages, but actually they had an advanced, cultured society. There was no slavery amongst them and women for instance had a higher standing than in Roman society. The Picts fought the Romans. The Picts- ,,The Painted Ones"- spoke Pict-Celtic. *The Scots, Hibernia In early medieval times Ireland was known by the name "Hibernia". In Hadrian's time the ancient race called the Scots inhabited Hibernia (now called Ireland). Irish and Scottish missionaries were spreading Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England during the 6th centurie. The Latin term Scotti refers to the Gaelic-speaking people of Ireland and the Irish who settled in western Scotland. *The Venerable Bede Bede was a Christian monk, he was the most learned man in Europe at that time
Like psychoanalysis, surrealistic painting and writing explores the inner depths of the unconscious mind. Freudian ideas have provided subject matter for authors and artists. Critics often analyze art and literature in Freudian terms. 2. Literary Modernism and its sub-movements. The influence of Structuralism and psychoanalysis. Main characteristic features of Modernism. Denial of conventions, traditional structure, plot and presentation of character. The stream of consciousness. Allusiveness. Virginia Woolf's Modern Fiction as a theoretical platform for Modernism. Criticism of Realist literary method. Literary modernism: end of the 19th century-1920 (reached its height) and ended 1940s. A self- conscious break with traditional aesthetic forms. Rejecting the sentiment and discursiveness typical of Romanticism and Victorian literature for poetry that instead favored precision (täppis) of imagery
1. The Queen’s official title. Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith. 2. The Queen’s working day. Starts after breakfast. Reads the newspapers which are prepared by the Press Secretary, and a report on the previous day’s proceedings in the Parliament and the letters she receives. Also phone calls. Once a month she attends the Privy Council in order to give Royal Assent to various items of government legislation.
UNO SOOMERE ESTONIAN SYMPHONIC MUSIC. THE FIRST CENTURY 1896-1996. AN OVERVIEW With a Historical and Cultural Summary IN MEMORY OF THE GREAT ESTONIAN COMPOSERS CONTENTS ESTONIA AND THE ESTONIANS FOREWORD IN THE FOLD OF TSARIST RUSSIA. EMERGENCE AND FIRST STEPS ON THE CLASSICAL-ROMANTIC PATH. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION I. MUSICAL LIFE IN TARTU AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY. TRAILBLAZERS: ALEKSANDER LÄTE, RUDOLF TOBIAS, ARTUR KAPP. II. THE FIRST DECADE OF THE 20TH CENTURY. ARTUR LEMBA: THE BEGINNING OF ESTONIAN SYMPHONY AND OPERA. III. NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN CULTURAL AND MUSICAL LIFE: THE END OF THE TSARIST PERIOD. THE INDEPENDENT REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA: THE INTRODUCTION OF INNOVATIONS FROM WESTERN ART AND THE EVOLUTION OF NATIONALLY ORIENTED MUSICAL TRENDS. IV. THE TWENTIES. ARTUR KAPP: ROMANTICIST AND DRAMATIST. V. THE INFLUENCE OF NEW WESTERN MUSICAL TRENDS. HEINO ELLER: A PROGRAMME PAINTER.
AFC Antiferro-Magnetically Coupled (media) [IBM] + Automatic Font Change + Automatic Frequency Control AFD Automatic File Distribution AFDW Active Framework for Data Warehousing [Microsoft] AFI Authority and Format Identifier AFII Association for Font Information Interchange AFIRM Automated Fingerprint Image Reporting and Match AFIS Automated Fingerprint Identification System .AFM Adobe Font Metrics (file name extension) [Adobe Systems] AFP Advanced Function Presentation [IBM] + Advanced Function Printing + Appletalk Filing Protocol [Macintosh] AFS Andrew File System (protocols) AFTP Advanced/Anonymous File Transfer Protocol AGA Advanced Graphics Adapter AGC Automatic Gain Control AGP Accelerated/Advanced Graphics Port AGRAS Antiglare-Antireflective-Antistatic AGU Address-Generation Unit AH Authentication Header (protocol) AHS Automated Highway Systems AI Analog Input + Artificial Intelligence
Though Celtic in origin, it was supposed by the Romans to come from Lat. albus (white), with reference to the chalk cliffs at Dover. White cliffs are the first and last sight of land for visitors who come to Britain by sea. Notes 1. The British Isles is a geographical term for the islands bounded by the English Channel, the Strait of Dover, the North Sea, and the Atlantic Ocean. The islands in the group are Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Isle of Wight, the Isles of Scilly, the Hebrides, the Orkney Islands, the Shetland Islands, and about 5,500 small islands and islets. Britain is also the largest island in Europe and the eighth largest in the world. It covers 218,980 sq. km. The second largest in the British Isles is the island of Ireland (area 83,694 sq. km.). 2. In 1875 Matthew Webb was the first to swim across the Channel. And in 1907 Louis Blériot made the first air crossing in a plane
English literature is one of the oldest literatures in Europe; dates back to the 6th century AD. Oral literature, i.e. not written down, spread from person to person. In 449 AD Anglo-‐Saxon tribes invaded England – beginning of the Anglo-‐Saxon period in English literature. The first form of literature was folklore, carried by scops and gleemen, who sang in alliterative verse (a kind of simple poetry). Prose developed much later. The first form of recorded English literature was the epic Beowulf, which was produced sometime near the end of the 7th and beginning �
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