o Members of social system/ network – inseparable aspect as without members there is no communication. The transfer of ideas is easier in homogenous groups (same language etc). (Also, the norms and values of the system – culture i.e. – can inhibit the diffusion.) o Period – as change always takes times, it is natural that period in time is one of the elements. Adopter Categories – exemplified with iPhones & Estonians Innovators – always want to be first with new things, more well off so they have the means to do it. (Someone who would travel to US in order to get the newest iPhone before everyone else) Early adopters – the first bigger group who might take on the change quite early, not desperately early though. (Those guys who buy the phone from Estonia as soon as it hits the market). Early majority – they decide that the innovation is good, after getting an OK from the
and control. Performing with "Jazz at the Philharmonic," her popularity grew beyond the music world. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, she continued to perform as a jazz musician, but concentrated primarily on popular music. Rivaled only by Frank Sinatra, her recordings of work by Cole Porter, Ira and George Gershwin, and Rogers and Hart were incredibly successful. One of the early "scat" performers, Fitzgerald found a place among the growing jazz innovators, making recordings with such greats as Billie Holiday, Duke Ellington, and Louis Armstrong. Her true genius, however, was not formal innovation or deeper expression, but artistic renderings of the enthusiastic songs of her time. "I'm very shy, and I shy away from people," Ella once said. "But the moment I hit the stage, it's a different feeling. I get nerve from somewhere; maybe it's because it's something I love to do." More than
Lisaks eelpool-osundatud asjaolu, mille kohaselt just kultuuriruumis toimuv on kõige paremaks toeks (või ka takistuseks) teiste eesmärkide saavutamisel. Kasutatud allikad: http://www.tlu.ee/? LangID=1&CatID=0&action=searchCloser&SearchType=Arts&SearchString=j %C3%A4tkusuutlik+areng http://samsaara.info/forum?func=showcat&catid=10 http://samsaara.info/forum http://gfbn.com/pages/gdansk-videos http://www.gfbn.com/pages/innovators-who-is http://infutik.mtk.ut.ee/www/kodu/RePEc/mtk/febpdf/febook22-01.pdf http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4tkusuutlik_areng http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainability http://ideas.repec.org/b/mtk/febook/22.html http://www.stat.ee/naidikulaud http://mt.legaltext.ee/esterm/concept.asp?conceptID=14840&term=j%E4tkusuutlik%20areng http://www.norden.ee/et/ettevotmised/pohjala-foorum/pf-2006/61-jaetkusuutlik-areng-pohja- ja-baltimaades.html http://www.balticyachting.com/index.php?
● Non-R&D innovation expenditures as % of turnover Linkages & Entrepreneurship ● SMEs innovating in-house as % of SMEs ● Innovative SMEs collaborating with others as % of SMEs ● Public-private co-publications per million population Intellectual assets ● PCT patents applications per billion GDP ● community trademarks per billion GDP ● Community designs per billion Outputs Innovators ● SMEs introducing product or process innovations as % of SMEs ● SMEs introducing marketing or organizational innovations as % of SMEs ● High growth innovative firms Economic effects ● Emp loyment in knowledge-intensive activities (manufacturing and services) as % of total employment ● Contribution of medium and high-tech product exports to the trade balance
Aluseks Jaapani autotööstus ja põhineb tootmismeetodite paindlikkusel: - mass customization (ühildus paindlikkuse ja standardtootmisplatvormide vahel võimaldamaks klientide erisoovidega arvestamist) - just-in time delivery (vähendada ladustamiskulusid) - allhanke võrgustikud (väikefirmad) - töötajate kaasamine ja oskuste arendamine. Sise Mõnikord on väga kuulukas liiguta ühest teadmisest teiseni teadmiseni või on võimatu Teadmised sõltuvad esipunktist Väjla Kuidas innovators võivad tulla oma innovatsiooni tegemises Tehnoloogiline paradigma – tööstusharudes kasutatavad tehnoloogilised uuendused. Erinevad seadmed, masinad, tehnika jne. Näiteks vanasti lüpsis lehma inimene käsitsi, tänapäeval on selleks pumbad, mille inimene paigaldab lehmale ning piima pumpamine toimud kiiremini ja tõhusamalt (hoiab kokku aega ja inimresurssi), mobiiltelefonide areng ( oli aeg kus telefone ei
hoiaku või käitumise suunas.. Innovatsiooniteooria/Diffusion of innovations theory formuleeris 1962. aastal Everett Rogers (Ameerika kommunikatsiooniuurija ja sotsioloog) oma raamatus „Diffusion of Innovations“. Innovatsiooni levib sotsiaalses süsteemis, mille esindajad suhtuvad innovatsiooni erinevalt. Sotsiaalse süsteemi liikmete poolt innovatsiooni omaksvõtmise järgi jagatakse sinna kuuluvad isikud viide kategooriasse: innovaatorid (innovators), varajased omaksvõtjad (early adopters), varajane enamus (early majority), hiline enamus (late majority) ja mahajääjad (laggards) (Rogers, 1962). Rogersi järgi saab iga uuenduse omaksvõtjaid liigitada eelpool oleva jaotuse järgi vastavalt normaaljaotuskõverale. Iga sotsiaalse süsteemi liikme valmisolek ja suutlikkus innovatsiooni omaksvõtuks sõltub suurel määral tema teadlikkusest, huvidest hinnangust, kogemusest ja omaksvõtmises.
Erasektoris on oluline, et teadmus jääks firma sisse. Palju on firma saladusi. Teenib firma huve. Konkreetsed valdkonnad. Avalikus sektoris on oluline, et info oleks avalik. Läbipaistvus, ühine kasum Teema 7: Innovatsioon avalikus sektoris 1.Millised on innovatsiooni leviku etapid? Tooge näide ühe avaliku sektori innovatsiooni põhjal Innovatsioonilevik inimeste gruppides o Innovaatorid(innovators)- idee autorid Nt. Savisaar lõi Tallinna munitsipaalpoe o Varased vastuvõtjad (early adopters)- esimesed, kes tahavad kaasa minna Nt. Esimesed, kes seisavad munitsipaalpoe järjekorras ja tahavad sealt midagi osta o Varajane enamus (early majority)- vaikselt tulevad järgi neile, kes on juba poes käinud ja teenust proovinud 22 Nt
soovitud hoiaku või käitumise suunas.. Innovatsiooniteooria/Diffusion of innovations theory formuleeris 1962. aastal Everett Rogers (Ameerika kommunikatsiooniuurija ja sotsioloog) oma raamatus ,,Diffusion of Innovations". Innovatsiooni levib sotsiaalses süsteemis, mille esindajad suhtuvad innovatsiooni erinevalt. Sotsiaalse süsteemi liikmete poolt innovatsiooni omaksvõtmise järgi jagatakse sinna kuuluvad isikud viide kategooriasse: innovaatorid (innovators), varajased omaksvõtjad (early adopters), varajane enamus (early majority), hiline enamus (late majority) ja mahajääjad (laggards) (Rogers, 1962). Rogersi järgi saab iga uuenduse omaksvõtjaid liigitada eelpool oleva jaotuse järgi vastavalt normaaljaotuskõverale. Iga sotsiaalse süsteemi liikme valmisolek ja suutlikkus innovatsiooni omaksvõtuks sõltub suurel määral tema teadlikkusest, huvidest hinnangust, kogemusest ja omaksvõtmises.
,,Manhattan transfer"- truly modernist novel. Ruinous effect of capitalism on human lives. The scene of action is New York. The city itself becomes the central character, the whole novel is an attempt to show the complex nature of the novel metropolis-huge city. It is a truly modernist level in any sense, tries to imitate devices used by cinema. Late 1920's the cinema was already very popular and two great directiors-Griffith and Eisenstein. The greatest innovators of the cinema and they used the devices of montage and collage. He also uses a lot of fragmentation and rapid cutting. The novel is dominated by the high rise city, by the crowds, by the masses of people, passing by the skyscrapers, mechanisation and destructiveness. There is a multitude of characters. Two characters, ellen Thatcher-beatiful and talented Broadway actress and Jimmy Horf-newspaper reporter with and ambition to become a writer. Ellen is a success as an
Mention should be made of poet and linguist Gustav Suits, poetess Marie Under (1883- 1980), writer Eduard Vilde (1865-1933), artists and book illustrators Konrad Mägi and Nikolai Triik. The first decades of the new century saw the reformation of the literary language. Johannes Aavik enriched the vocabulary and modernised its structure. Johannes Voldemar Veski and Villem Ridala should also be mentioned as meritorious linguistic innovators. In Tartu the new building of the Vanemuine Theatre was inaugurated in 19061– an event that turned into an international affair. The prominent stage producer and theatre educator Karl Menning (1874-1941) became head of the company in Tartu and continued with his principles of ensemble theatre. His method based on psychological realism would influence the Estonian theatre for decades. In his opinion the main function of theatre had to be educational
manager at Microsoft World Headquarters "If you want to live your dreams now, and not in 20 or 30 years, buy this book!" --Laura Roden, chairman of the Silicon Valley Association of Startup Entrepreneurs and a lecturer in Corporate Finance at San Jose State University "With this kind of time management and focus on the important things in life, people should be able to get 15 times as much done in a normal workweek." --Tim Draper, founder of Draper Fisher Jurvetson, financiers to innovators including Hotmail, Skype, and Overture.com "Tim has done what most people only dream of doing. I can't believe he is going to let his secrets out of the bag. This book is a must read!" --Stephen Key, top inventor and team designer of Teddy Ruxpin and Lazer Tag and a consultant to the television show American Inventor ALSO BY TIMOTHY FERRISS The 4-Hour Workweek Copyright © 2010 by Tim Ferriss All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Crown Archetype,
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