state in which any public activity is decreased and, if at all, exercised according to business principles of efficiency. NPM is based on the understanding that all human behavior is always motivated by self-interest and, specifically, profit maximization. Epistemologically, it shares with STE the quantification myth, i.e. that everything relevant can be quantified; qualitative judgments are not necessary. It is popularly denoted by concepts such as project management, flat hierarchies, customer orientation, abolition of career civil service, depolitization, total quality management, and contracting-out. NPM comes from Anglo-America, and it was strongly pushed by most of the International Finance Institutions (IFI's) such as the World Bank and the IMF. It originates from the 1980s with their dominance of neo-liberal governments (especially Thatcher and Reagan) and the perceived crisis of the Welfare state, but it came to full fruition in the early 1990s
mis kontrollivad head projekteerimise tava ning kus võtme komponentideks on projekteerimise valdkonnad, aksioomid, hierarhiad ja siksakilisuse (zigzagging) järgimine. 40. Kuidas jagunevad valdkonnad aksiomaatilises projekteerimises. Kuidas on erinevad valdkonnad omavahel seotud? Joonistada skeem. Aksiomaatiline disain/projeketeerimine koosneb neljast põhiideest, -etapist: · · valdkonnad (domains) · · hierarhiad (hierarchies) · · sik-sakilisused (zigzagging) · · disaini aksioomid (design axioms) Iga valdkonna sisu on järgmine: Klient- Kliendilt arvamuse/nõu küsimine; Funktsionaalsus- Konstruktsiooni toimimisalased nõuded; Reaalne konstruktsioon- Konstruktsiooni lahenduse parameetrid projekteerimisel; Tootmisprotsess- Tootmisprotsessi tunnused MIS ja KUIDAS. 41. Hierarhia ning siksakilisus aksiomaatilises projekteerimises. Näide
D.Buss Evolutsioonilises kontestis on välja toodud motiivid, mis võivad olla agressiivse käitumise põhjusteks. · Motives for aggression: Status, reputation, honor and sexual jealousy as key motives for aggression. · Adaptive problems "to which aggression might have evolved as a solution": Co-opting resources held by others Defending against attack Inflicting costs on intrasexual rivals Negotiating status and power hierarchies Deterring rivals from future aggression Deterring long-term mates from sexual infidelity Reducing resources expended on unrelated children. nt tüüpiliseks motiiviks on hierarhia kehtestamine Neal Miller (1909-2002) Frustratsiooni-agressiivsuse hüpotees (1939) · Idee: eesmärgile suunatud tegevuse blokeerimine toodab agressiivsust. · Frustratsiooni käsitletakse sellise seisukorrana, kus inimesel on mingi tegevuste ahel, kuid see
to pick up where the Modernists left off, creating new space for literary fiction and its readers. Winterson's postmodernism: gender blending, identity as a construct. Jeanette Winterson blurs male and female voice throughout the narrative in Sexing the Cherry, to challenge gender ideologies and images of femininity. This feature of magical realism, to expose social assumptions surrounding race and gender, is important in breaking down hierarchies that would seek to suppress minority groups. By acknowledging the silences in literature, and in history, magical realists can destabilize ideologies that have become normalized, and reveal the power of language to construct identity and shape our perception of the world. Cyberspace and 21st-century fiction. The.Powerbook is 21st Century fiction that uses past, present and future as shifting dimensions of a multiple reality. The story is simple. An e-writer called
agressiivsuse hormonaalne regulatsioon Keskkond pärilikkus debatt D. Buss: agressiivsuse evolutsiooniline kontekst · Motives for aggression: Status, reputation, honor and sexual jealousy as key motives for aggression. · Adaptive problems "to which aggression might have evolved as a solution": Co-opting resources held by others Defending against attack Inflicting costs on intrasexual rivals Negotiating status and power hierarchies Deterring rivals from future aggression Deterring long-term mates from sexual infidelity Reducing resources expended on unrelated children. · Buss, D. M., & Shackelford, T. K. (1997). Human aggression in evolutionary perspective. Clinical Psychology Review, 17, 605619. · Duntley, J. D., & Buss, D. M. (2004). The evolution of evil. In A. G. Miller (Ed.), The Social Psychology of Good and Evil. New York: Guilford Testosteroon ja agressiivsus · B
D. Buss: agressiivsuse evolutsiooniline kontekst · Motives for aggression: Status, reputation, honor and sexual jealousy as key motives for aggression. · Adaptive problems "to which aggression might have evolved as a solution": Co-opting resources held by others Defending against attack Inflicting costs on intrasexual rivals Negotiating status and power hierarchies Deterring rivals from future aggression Deterring long-term mates from sexual infidelity Reducing resources expended on unrelated children. · Buss, D. M., & Shackelford, T. K. (1997). Human aggression in evolutionary perspective. Clinical Psychology Review, 17, 605619. · Duntley, J. D., & Buss, D. M. (2004). The evolution of evil. In A. G. Miller (Ed.), The Social Psychology of Good and Evil. New York: Guilford
Keskkond – pärilikkus debatt D. Buss: agressiivsuse evolutsiooniline kontekst • Motives for aggression: Status, reputation, honor and sexual jealousy as key motives for aggression. • Adaptive problems “to which aggression might have evolved as a solution”: – Co-opting resources held by others – Defending against attack – Inflicting costs on intrasexual rivals – Negotiating status and power hierarchies – Deterring rivals from future aggression – Deterring long-term mates from sexual infidelity – Reducing resources expended on unrelated children. • Buss, D. M., & Shackelford, T. K. (1997). Human aggression in evolutionary perspective. Clinical Psychology Review, 17, 605– 619. • Duntley, J. D., & Buss, D. M. (2004). The evolution of evil. In A. G. Miller (Ed.), The Social Psychology of Good and Evil. New York: Guilford
This is how Gnosticism and mysticism came into existence in early and medieval Christianity, Sufism in the Islamic religion, Hasidism and Kabbala in Judaism, Advaita Vedanta in Hinduism, Zen and Dzogchen in Buddhism. Most of these schools were iconoclastic. They did away with layers upon layers of deadening conceptualization and mental belief structures, and for this reason most of them were viewed with suspicion and often hostility by the established religious hierarchies. Unlike mainstream religion, their teachings emphasized realization and inner transformation. It is through those esoteric schools or movements that the major religions regained the transformative power of the original teachings, although in most cases, only a small minority of people had access to them. Their numbers were never large enough to have any significant impact on the deep collective unconsciousness of the majority. Over time, some of those schools
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