e. anions move toward the anode and respectively, small anions can not be analyzed simultaneously with other components of the sample. To reduce the EOF or to change its direction, the socalled EOF modifier is added to the working electrolyte. That role plays, for example, a hydrophobic quaternary ammonium salt or cationic surfactants, which due to adsorption on the silica surface can modify existing therein charge ratio and thus modify the EOF [7.141]. The action of the cationic surfactants, adsorbed on the silica surface is shown in Fig. 9. In 5 millimolar (mM) solution of chromate migration used for indirect UV detection is generally presetn the following sequence:
(3) "Bakteritapja triklosaan võetakse vaatluse alla", 09.04.2010, Tarbija 24, toimetaja Marina Lohk. Internetiviide: http://www.tarbija24.ee/?id=247664 (külastatud: 04.10.2010) (4) Internetilehekülg www.wikipedia.org, otsingusõna methylisothiazolinone, viide: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylisothiazolinone (külastatud: 04.10.2010) (5) "Halogeenid". Janno Puks Muud allikad: Internetilehekülg www.wikipedia.org, otsingusõnad ammonia, surfactants, benzisothiazolinone, chlorides "Välisõhu kvaliteedi mõju inimeste tervisele. Peentest osakestest tuleneva mõju hindamine." Hans Orru, uuringu vastutav läbiviija; Tartu 2007
KASUTATUD KIRJANDUS 1. Kemikaalid tarbetoodetes praktilised vahendid tarbija teavitamiseks Internet: http://files.bef.ee/NCM/NCM_EST_HB.pdf (29.01.2012). 2. Talvik, A-T. Orgaaniline keemia. 1996, 431-434. Internet: http://web.zone.ee/uix/Talvik%20-%20Pindaktiivsed%20ained.doc (30.01.2012). 3. Meri algab su vannitoast Internet: http://www.roheline.ee/consumption/pesutaus.doc (28.01.2012). 4. The Chemistry of Cleaning Internet: http://www.essind.com/Cleaners/GC-chemistry.htm#Surfactants (30.01.2012). 5. Seep Tervise ABC, Tallinn, "Valgus" 1970 Internet: http://www.miksike.ee/docs/lisa/5klass/2keemia/seep.htm (30.01.2012). 12 6. Millest koosnevad pesupulbrid? Internet: http://www.mayeri.eu/millest-koosnevad-pesupulbrid?/ (01.02.2012). 7. What Chemicals Are Used in Glass Cleaners? Internet: http://www.ehow.com/list_5981139_chemicals-used-glass-cleaners_.html (02.02.2012). 8. Window or Glass Cleaners
) 12. Mis on emulsioon ja mis on emulgaator? Emulsioonid on üks liik kahe- või enamafaasilistest süsteemidest, mida tuntakse kolloidide nime all. Kolloidid koosnevad kahest mittesegunevast vedelikust, millest üks (dispergeerunud faas) on jaotunud mikroskoopiliste tilgakestena teises vedelikus (pidevas faasis). An emulsifier (emulgent) is a substance that stabilizes an emulsion by increasing its kinetic stability. One class of emulsifiers is known as surface active substances, or surfactants. Eg. 13 egg yolk,honey, and mustard, Soy lecithin is another emulsifier and thickener. Both mayonnaise and Hollandaise sauce are oil-in-water emulsions that are stabilized with egg yolk lecithin or other types of food additives such as sodium stearoyl lactylate. 2.1 AINETE SEGU LAHUTAMINE GEELKROMATOGRAAFIA MEETODIL 1
several applications that have been explored. It has been used in certain paints, varnishes and plastics because of good semidrying properties without color modification associated with oils high in linolenic acid. In Eastern Europe and the USSR where sunflower oil is plentiful, sunflower oil is used commonly in the manufacture of soaps and detergents. The use of sunflower oil (and other vegetable oils) as a pesticide carrier, and in the production of agrichemicals, surfactants, adhesives, plastics, fabric softeners, lubricants and coatings has been explored. The utility of these applications is usually contingent upon petrochemical feedstock prices. Sunflower oil contains 93% of the energy of US Number 2 diesel fuel (octane rating of 37), and considerable work has been done to explore the potential of sunflower as an alternate fuel source in diesel engines. Blends of sunflower oil and diesel fuel are
5% in countries such as the United States effects (Cofrades et al. 2008). Numerous and Canada, and totally prohibited in researchers are working to optimize meat Germany for meat products (Trespalacios product composition in order to achieve a et al. 2007). composition that is better suited to nutrient intake goals. To achieve this, nonmeat ingre- Phospholipids dients play a crucial role (Cofrades et al. Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules that 2008). have a hydrophilic head group, which has a Only nonmeat ingredients having a role in high affinity for water, and a lipophilic tail the emulsification process will be detailed group, which has a high affinity for oil. Their here. In the following, we will present
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