inspired the nation, the groundwork for which had been laid in Tartu in 1869. Through all hardships and tough times they had retained their national spiritual content. The Estonian Singers’ League arranged the song festivals with a five-year interval – in 1923, 1928, 1933 and 1938. These were enormous, unparallelled demonstrations of national unity. The programmes of song festivals included only Estonian music. The number of singers ranged approximately between 15–20 thousand, the orchestras had over 1500 musicians playing in them, the audience numbers amounted to 90 thousand and more. As remarkable conductors, Juhan Aavik, Juhan Simm, Evald Aav, Anton Kasemets, Raimund Kull and Tuudur Vettik deserve to be mentioned. In 1933 the week of Estonian Music took place – the oratorio Job of Artur Kapp, Requiem of Cyrillus Kreek, operas of Adolf Vedro (Kaupo) and Artur Lemba (Maiden from the Grave) plus symphonies of Artur Kapp (First Symphony) and Artur
have created the need to reconsider the commonly held assumption of childhood as a `rehearsal for adult life, and grant children the recognition and respect their right and in their own terms`49. There is thorough evidence that `children are capable to make decisions about important things that affect their life` and in particular they are `capable in caring for themselves and for others`50. Jeremy Roche for instance, points out that there is approximately fifty thousand young carers under the age of 18 today whose job `is physically and emotionally demanding`51. However, in reality the recognition of these children`s contribution in public discourse has been rather inconsistent. The serious responsibilities of these children while providing the care for their family member/members are often underestimated and undervalued.52 The young carers are often excluded from the `discussions 46 Law, p.35. 47 Law, p.35. 48 Law, p.39. 49 Brocklehurst, p. 20.
I forced myself not to move away or give him the satisfaction of seeing me intimidated. His thumb brushed over the corner of my mouth; then lifted to his own. He sucked on the pad and purred, "Chocolate and you. Delicious." A shiver moved through me, followed by a heated ache between my legs as I imagined licking chocolate off his lethally sexy body. His gaze darkened and his voice lowered intimately. "Romance isn't in my repertoire, Eva. But a thousand ways to make you come are. Let me show you." The car slowed to a halt. He withdrew the key from the panel and the doors opened. I backed into the corner and shooed him out with a flick of my wrist. "I'm really not interested." "We'll discuss." Cross caught me by the elbow and gently, but insistently, urged me out. I went along because I liked the charge I got from being around him and because I was
encouragement and utilising the latter's recently completed Programmers' Handbook for the Ferranti computer). By the summer of 1952 this program could, Strachey reported, "play a complete game of Draughts at a reasonable speed". Prinz's chess program, also written for the Ferranti Mark I, first ran in November 1951. It was for solving simple problems of the mate-in-two variety. The program would examine every possible move until a solution was found. On average several thousand moves had to be examined in the course of solving a problem, and the program was considerably slower than a human player. Turing started to program his Turochamp chess-player on the Ferranti Mark I but never completed the task. Unlike Prinz's program, the Turochamp could play a complete game and operated not by exhaustive search but under the guidance of rule-of-thumb principles devised by Turing. Early AI programs: checkers (in USA) The first AI program to run in the U.S
work bits in programming. I/O bit A bit in memory used to hold I/O status. Input bits reflect the status of input termi- nals; output bits hold the status for output terminals. 164 Glossary I/O capacity The number of inputs and outputs that a PC is able to handle. This number ranges from around one hundred for smaller PCs to two thousand for the largest ones. I/O delay The delay in time from when a signal is sent to an output to when the status of the output is actually in effect or the delay in time from when the status of an input changes until the signal indicating the change in the status is received. I/O device A device connected to the I/O terminals on I/O Units. I/O devices may be either
155–176. Robert de Beaugrande 1989. Special purpose language as a complex system: The case of linguistics. – Special Language: From Human Thinking to Thinking Machines. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 3–29. Annette de Groot 1997. The cognitive study of translation and interpretation: Three approaches. – Joseph H. Danks, Gregory M. Shreve, Stephen B. Fountain ja Michael McBeath (toim.), Cognitive processes in translation and interpreting. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 25– 56. Michael Devitt ja Kim Sterelny 1999. Language and Reality, 2nd Edition: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge (Mass.): MIT Press. Simon C. Dik 1989. The theory of functional grammar, Vol. 9. Hawthorne, NY: Foris publications. Simon C. Dik 1997. The theory of Functional Grammar, Vol. 2: Complex and derived constructions. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Luc van Doorslaer 2009. Risking conceptual maps: Mapping as a
of truth; it is not a case of "the concepts of meaning and truth each pointing blankly and unhelpfully at the other" (Strawson 1970: 16). Rejoinder All right, but what if the correct analysis of "true" is (indeed) in terms of communicating? Second reply If so, then there would (indeed) be Gricean collapse. But why should we accept the stating/asserting theory of truth in the first place? What about all the other general theories that philosophers have offered over the past two thousand years? Notably, there are the classical Correspondence, Coherence and Pragmatic theories. More recently, there is the Prosentential Theory devised by Grover, Camp and Belnap (1975). My best guess as to why Strawson simply ignores these is that he must be assuming that every such theory would somehow have to buy into the Gricean idea at some early stage: For example, since beliefs are primarily what cohere or fail to cohere,
phosphate, with or without extenders, with process. varying seasoning, and so on. A detailed catchall coverage of world sausages is there- fore not possible, as for example, in Germany Main Types of Products only there are more than a thousand different Worldwide kinds of sausages and in the United Kingdom In his booklet Principal Characteristics of more than four hundred! The Internet is an Sausages of the World Listed by Country of endless source of information on these differ- Origin, Kinsman (1980) separates cooked ent varieties. sausages into two categories: (1) cooked sau- sages made from uncured meats, ground,
That's all we know that's true. All the rest are man's laws. --Dean Kamen, inventor of the Segway and recipient of the National Medal of Technology and Lemelson-MIT Prize "Michael Phelps eats 12,000 calories a day ..." That was all Ray Cronise heard from across the room. He jerked his eyes up from the spreadsheet and reached for the TiVo to pause the television. Twelve thousand calories. Ray Cronise had been a high-ranking material scientist at NASA for almost 15 years, and his specialties included biophysics and analytical chemistry. He'd been in mission operations and seen--hell, helped produce--research the public wouldn't see for decades. But spending half of his life behind a computer had taken its toll. The creeping two to four pounds per year had added up and left him weighing 230 pounds at 59.
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