Estimated that 50 stonemasons working 10 hour days, 7 days a week would have pounded away 2 inches on all of the stones in 2 years and 9 months Persistence and determination! How were they put in place? A simplistic view Stones were sunk 3 to 5 feet into the ground. One side of the hole was a wooden ramp. Wooden stakes were used to reinforce the other sides of the hole. 140 200 workers would pull the stone upright perhaps using a pulley. The hole was filled with rocks and boulders packed tightly together. Mortise, tenons, and toggle joints were used to hold the lintels and sarsens together. Why?? Theories-why was it built? Predict astronomical events. 30 sarsens in the circle could symbolize the days of the month 19 bluestones in the horseshoe could be the 19 year cycle of the moon Aligned with the midsummer sunrise and midwinter sunset Sacred site Who built it??
1·12 Every 6000 miles or 6 Months 13.5a Contact breaker points gap (A) - Bosch distributor 13.5b Contact breaker points gap (A) - Lucas distributor 5 To adjust the points using feeler blades, 7 Refit the rotor arm and the distributor cap. accordance with the manufacturer's turn the crankshaft using a spanner on the 8 If a dwell meter is available adjust the instructions. However, the use of one type of crankshaft pulley bolt until the heel of the contact breaker points by measuring and meter is outlined as follows. contact breaker arm is on the peak of one of setting the dwell angle as follows. 11 Remove the distributor cap and rotor arm the four cam lobes and the points are fully 9 The dwell angle is the number of degrees of and connect one lead of the dwell meter to open
average of 46 percent more horsepower and 31 percent more torque. In high-altitude situations, where engine performance deteriorates because the air has low density and pressure, a supercharger delivers higher-pressure air to the engine so it can operate optimally. Unlike turbochargers, which use the exhaust gases created by combustion to power the compressor, superchargers draw their power directly from the crankshaft. Most are driven by an accessory belt, which wraps around a pulley that is connected to a drive gear. The drive gear, in turn, rotates the compressor gear. The rotor of the compressor can come in various designs, but its job is to draw air in, squeeze the air into a smaller space and discharge it into the intake manifold. To pressurize the air, a supercharger must spin rapidly -- more rapidly than the engine itself. Making the drive gear larger than the compressor gear causes the compressor to spin faster.
Antud mootori puhul ei toimu gaasijaotusfaaside muutmist. Toyota kasutatav gaasijaotust muutev süsteem on tuntud VVT-i (Variable Valve Timing with intelligence) nime all. 8 Gaasijaotusmehhanismi detailide inglisekeelsed nimetused Nukkvõll- Camshaft Sisselaske klapp- Intake valve Väljalaske klapp- Exhaust Valve Põlemiskaber- Combustion chamber Hammasrihm- Timing belt Rihmapinguti- Tensioner pulley Väntvõll- Crankshaft Klapivedru- Valve spring Nookur- Rocker arm Plokikaas- Cylinder head Hüdrotõukur- Hydraulic valve lifter (tappet) Mehaaniline tõukur- Mechanical valve lifter (tappet) Tihendid/Laagrid: klapikambrikaane kummist tihend, klapisääretihendid, plokikaane tihend, simmerlingid (kaelustihend). Küsimused: 1. Mis määrab mootori tööjärjekorra? Silindrite arv ja sellest sõltuv väntvõlli ehitus ning nukkvõll. 2
riveting machine neetimismasin turning machine treipink welding machine keevitusmasin LIFTING TOOLS Eye bolt is an eye-shaped form of a bolt used as a recess for a hook. Hook is a curved piece of metal for fastening things to be lifted. Shackle is a heart-shaped or U-shaped piece of metal having at the ends a pin attached which passes from a hole from one end and is screwed or bolted from the other end. Pulley is an apparatus consisting of a wheel over which a rope or a chain can be moved, used for lifting heavy things. Engine-room crane is a mobile lifting device of the engine-room used for lifting heavy parts of the engine when dismantling and mounting them. VOCABULARY pulley rihmaratas; köieratas; trossiratas; (tõste)plokk ; INSTRUCTIONS FOR TRANSLATION Preparation for dismantling the cylinder cover 1
Joonis 4.7). Mutri sirgjoonelise liikumise ja kruvi pöördliikumise kiiruste suhe on määratud kruvisammuga skr. Sirgliikumise kiirus avaldub skr 1 v2 2 Joonis 4.7. Kruviülekanne [10]. 4.7.3. Rihmülekanne Lihtsate ajamite puhul kasutatakse sageli hõõrdumisel põhinevaid rihmülekandeid (belt and pulley transmission). Sel puhul edastatakse ajami liikumist ühelt rihmarattalt teisele. Koormuse ülekandmisel tekib rihmratta ja rihma vahel libisemine, mistõttu rihmarataste nurkkiiruste suhe ei võrdu täpselt nende läbimõõtude suhtega. Rihm on mõningal määral elastne, ning seetõttu võib salvestada endasse energiat ning põhjustada sellega kiiruse ja momendi võnkumisi, mistõttu ei sobi nad positsioneerimisseadmetesse.
This continues, with smaller oscillations, until the rotor finally stops. Figure 7.5 illustrates this. The frequency at which the rotor oscil- lates depends on the motor characteristics (rotor mass and construction, for instance) and the load. If the motor is connected to a load that looks like a flywheel (a mechanical shutter in an optical system, for example), resonance may be more of a problem than an unloaded motor. A load with a lot of fric- tion, such as a belt-driven pulley, has a damping effect that will reduce reso- nance (unless the belt is connected to a flywheel). Many stepper motors exhibit a sudden loss of torque when operating at certain step rates. This occurs when the step rate coincides with the oscilla- tion frequency of the rotor. The torque can change enough to cause missed steps and loss of synchronization. There may be more than one band of step rates that cause this effect (because the motor has more than one resonant frequency)
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