Essay based on ,,The General Prologue" by G. Chaucer Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury tales at the end of the 14th century. It is a collection of stories where a group of pilgrims have a storytelling contest. All of them are on their way from Southwark to visit the shrine of a holy martyr who had brought health to them when they were ill. Chaucer joined the twenty nine of them in a tavern and started to talk to them. They quickly became friends and then there were thirty
Romeo and Juliet The story concerns two noble families of Verona, the Capulets and the Montagues, that have feuded for generations. The prologue also explains that the lovers' tragic suicides "[bury] their parents' strife." R & J are star-crossed lovers it means, that they can never be happy together and they rather die before they live without each other. The action starts with a street-battle between the two families, started by their servants and put down by the Prince of Verona, Escalus. The Prince declares that the heads of the two families (known simply as "Montague" and "Capulet") will be held personally accountable for
The English period. Wrote Canterbury tales. CANTERBURY TALES This unfinished poem of about 17,000 lines was written mostly after 1387. The poem introduces a group of pilgrims who are journeying from London to the shrine of Thomas à Becket at Canterbury. Chaucer originally planned that the work should contain 120 tales, four for each pilgrim, but at the time of his death he had only written twenty-four and some of them were not complete. The Prologue. The pilgrims are described in the General Prologue; together, they represent a wide cross-section of fourteenth-cent. English life, although the nobility and the poor are missing as they would not have taken part in this type of group pilgrimage. Why masterpiece: It is written in English in a period when it was forgone conclusion that all serious writing had to done in Latin or French. It is a valuable social document as it gives us an insight into a cross-section of 14th-cent.
Published in 2005, it was the author's first novel. Set in India, it tells the story of Ram Mohammad Thomas, a poor young waiter who becomes the biggest quiz-show winner in history, only to be sent to jail on accusations (but with no evidence or proof) that he cheated. It was the basis of the 2008 feature film Slumdog Millionaire. The novel was re-published under the title Slumdog Millionaire after the success of the film. The book is divided into 14 topics (included the prologue and the epilogue). Each chapter of the book focuses on questions and answers from the quiz-show, but also a story, how Ram Mohammad Thomas knew answer for all the questions he was asked for. One of the main reasons whay I started to read this book, was the success of the movie Slumdog Millionaire. Although I had not seen the film I thought that the theme of the book and the film was very interesting. So I decided to read the novel first, because the chances are (predictably and
Altogether 144 stories, GC only managed to write 24 before his death. It is studied as a faithful reflection of 14th century life in England. GC was amused by his own characters and rarely criticises them sharply; shows a very deep understanding of human motivation. His comments reveal his profound understanding of the social problem of his day. o The Prologue paints the setting of the story. Introduces each character (30). GC himself functions as the narrator. He tries to be objective and tries to keep a distance from the characters. The descriptions are very vivid and economic. He pays attention to the pilgrims' clothes. E.g. the Knight has come back from some war, is high-minded, gentle-humoured and tries to live according to
millions of people throughout all ages; what he wrote back then is still applicable today (in terms of human nature at least). He was one of the first to attempt what he did, and one of the first to put a name to his work. It must not be forgotten also that his location aided him a great deal he lived in London, an area which dominated the economy and therefore his dialect became dominant in following centuries. Describe the setting of the prologue. (When and where does the action take place?) The late fourteenth century, after 1381, in the T abard Inn and on the road to Canterbury. Why do the pilgrims go on the pilgrimage? Whose grave do they visit? People see a pilgrimage as a cure for sick relatives or friends and you of all your sins. People go on pilgrimages to seek inspiration and to show that they are willing to devote themselves to god and to prove that they believe in him and that they love him.
e- that is, viz- videlicet, etc- et cetera, e.f- confer Latin adjectives for english nouns- nose-nasal, mouth-oral, sun-solar, moon-lunas, son-filial, daughter- filial, mother- maternal, father- paternal. GREEK- abbot, angel, apostle, bishop, school, cilinder, cycle, dialoge, cardiac, phonetic, gymansium, biathlon, pentathlon, decathlon, olympic, diagnoses, prognoses, analyses, technology, epic, drama, poem, tragedy, comedy, theatre, epilogue, prologue, methaphor CELTIC- welsh, walloon, wallnut, bannock, bin, brock, badger, caln, whiskey, lock, slogan, arthur, donald and mac. SCANDIAVIAN- take, taken, grasp, seire, catch, call, cast, hit, trive, want, raise, indow, husband, fellow, gate, sky, ski, skirt, skin, plought, ill, ugly, law, thrall, beck, tharp, breed, orientering and sorgasbord FRENCH- law, culture, fashion, religion, odour, slent, king, queen, lord, lady, duke, dutchess,
dexterity, nucleus, formula, vertebra, corpuscle, atomic, carnivorous, incubate, molecule, i.e- that is, viz- videlicet, etc- et cetera, c.f- confer Latin adjectives for english nouns- nose-nasal, mouth-oral, sun-solar, Greek borrowings abbot, angel, apostle, bishop, school, cilinder, cycle, dialogue, cardiac, phonetic, gymnasium, biathlon, pentathlon, decathlon, olympic, diagnosis, prognosis, analysis, technology, epic, drama, poem, tragedy, comedy, theatre, epilogue, prologue, metaphor Celtic borrowings welsh, walloon, walnut, bannock, bin, brock, badger, caln, whiskey, lock, slogan, arthur, donald and mac. Scandinavian borrowings take, taken, grasp, catch, call, cast, hit, thrive, want, raise, endow, husband, fellow, gate, sky, ski, skirt, skin, plough, ill, ugly, law, thrall, beck, tharp, breed, and sorgasbord French borrowings law, culture, fashion, religion, odour, slent, king, queen, lord, lady,
taxi, also fig. to praise highly, to acclaim, as in "critics hailed her new book"), WASSAIL; German "Heil!" not used any more ("Heil Hitler! and the associated shame (just as with Reich) Germanic *hailitho > Old English hælth HEALTH Germanic *hailjan > Old English hælan TO HEAL Germanic *hailagaz > Old English halig HOLY Germanic *hailigon > Old English halgian to consecrate, to bless, halga sacred, a saint, Middle English halwe (see Prologue to the Canterbury Tales: ferne halwes distant shrines metonymic from the meaning "saint" TO HALLOW (as in "Our Father who art in heaven,hallowedbe thy name"), HALLOW meaning "saint" (the latter is a French loan (ALL HALLOWS' DAY, HALLOWEEN). The metonymic link between "being in one piece" and "being healthy" is fairly universal (cf. the two meanings of the Estonian word "terve" a Finno-Ugric, i.e. a non-Indo European word! or Russian "" (whole) and "" to heal (NB! Modern
In the most high and palmy state of Rome, A little ere the mightiest Julius fell, The graves stood tenantless and the sheeted dead Did squeak and gibber in the Roman streets: As stars with trains of fire and dews of blood, 10 Disasters in the sun; and the moist star Upon whose influence Neptune's empire stands Was sick almost to doomsday with eclipse: And even the like precurse of fierce events, As harbingers preceding still the fates And prologue to the omen coming on, Have heaven and earth together demonstrated Unto our climatures and countrymen.— But soft, behold! lo, where it comes again! Re-enter Ghost I'll cross it, though it blast me. Stay, illusion! If thou hast any sound, or use of voice, Speak to me: If there be any good thing to be done, That may to thee do ease and grace to me, Speak to me: Cock crows If thou art privy to thy country's fate, Which, happily, foreknowing may avoid, O, speak!
5. Greek borrowings The Greek language has contributed 50,000 words to the world. Christianity: New Testament in Greek. Catholic Church – Scclesiastical Latin. Examples: abbot, angel, apostle, bishop; school, cylinder, cycle, criterion, dialogue, cardiac, phonetic, gymnasium, marathon (pentathlon, biathlon), athlete, diagnosis, prognosis, analysis, epic, drama, poem, comedy, poetry, theatre, epilogue, prologue, metaphor. 6. Celtic borrowings Welsh: walnut, bannock a round flat cake of oatmeal,bin, clan loch, sea, slogan Celtic personal names: Arthur ‘high, noble’ Donald ‘proud chief’ Mac ‘son of’ (Scottish) O’ ‘son of’ (Irish) O’Connor 7. Scandinavian borrowings 1,000 words, in some sources 2,000 closed class words: they, them, their Danelaw; take, call, cast, hit, thrive, want, raise, widow, husband, fellow, sky, skirt, ski, skin, skill, law, ill, odd, ugly, bread 8
o Abbot, angel, apostle, bishop Everyday words 2 o School, cylinder, cycle, criterion, dialogue, cardiac, phonetic, gymnasium, marathon, athlete, Olympic, diagnosis, prognosis, thesis, analysis, technology Literature o Epic, drama, poem, tragedy, comedy, theatre, epilogue, prologue, metaphor, Affixes o a-, geo-, halo-, hyper-, hypo-, mega-, meta-, -ology, -o-, photo-, tele-, Inflectional endings retained but spelt in the Latin style o Abiogenesis, aegis, analysis, anemone, antithesis, automaton, charisma, cinema, crisis, criterion, cytokinesis, diagnosis, dogma, drama, electron, enigma, genesis, gnosis, hoi
is that you'll be changed. You're uneasy, but there's a thrill running through you. You're poised to break free from this world, ready to enter the world of adventure. BEFORE THE BEGINNING Before a story even begins, a storyteller faces creative choices. W h a t ' s the first thing your audience will experience? T h e title? T h e first line of dialogue? T h e first image? W h e r e in the lives of your characters will the story actually begin? Do you need a prologue or introduction, or should you jump right into the middle of the action? T h e opening moments are a powerful opportunity to set the tone and create an impression. You can conjure up a mood, an image, or a metaphor that will give the audience a frame o f reference to better experience your work. The mythological approach to story boils down to using metaphors or comparisons to get across your feelings about life.
laulev · aaria air laulusarnane, vähe kaunistatud, süllaabiline meloodika, sageli refräänid · ansamblid · balletimuusika orkestripartituur 5 häälne · programmiline orkestrimuusika · au, armastus · seisuslikku segadust ei ole Kuulsaimad lüürilised tragöödiad on J. B. Lully "Atis" (1677) ja "Armide" (1686) Armide Armide Tragédie lyrique en cinq actes et un prologue Libreto - Philippe Quinault; Torquato Tasso eeposest "Vabastatud Jeruusalemm" (La Gerusalemma liberata ovvero Il Goffredo, 1575) pärit episoodi järgi Pariis 1686 (15.2.), Académie Royale de Musique 5 vaatust Tegelased: Proloogis: Kuulsus La Glorie; sopran Tarkus La Sagesse; sopran Tragöödias Armida Armide, paganlik võlutar; sopran Phönicie Phénice ja Sidonie Sidonie, Armida usaldusalused kaaslannad; mõlemad sopranid Idraote Hidraot , võlur, Damaskuse kuningas, Armida onu; bass
the book, facists have destroyd many cities in europe, russia and sent millions to death. does this justify the destroying of dresden, vonnegut says this is not moral and not justified. Violance can not justifiy violance. Dresden used to be the most beautiful city of germany, everything was destroyd. It has no stratigical value, there was no point of destroying it. The novel also has a subtitle-the children's crusade. the meaning of the subtitle is partly explained in the prologue. Billy pilgrim visits a friend of his to talk about his war experience before writing the novel. The friends wife mary does not like the idea of a book about war-because these books glorify war. Calls the young men babies in the war, they were very young. She afraids that this gloryfication will send more children into more wars. But the subtitle is also historical allusion. In 1213 two monks decided to gather a army of children-poor, orphans,
ccc_tracy_1_1-17.qxd 6/23/03 2:46 PM Page 13 Change Your Thinking ➤ 13 have, is that not only are you good enough, but you have the ability to be excellent in any area that is important to you.You have unlim- ited potential to be, do, and have more than you have ever achieved up to now. As William Shakespeare said in The Tempest, “What’s past is prologue.” Whatever you have accomplished in the past is only a hint of what you can do in the future. ■ TALK TO YOURSELF POSITIVELY The most powerful words in your vocabulary are the words that you say to yourself and believe.Your self-talk, your inner dialogue, deter- mines 95 percent of your emotions. When you talk to yourself, your subconscious mind accepts these words as commands. It then ad-
existed—scaled heights of accomplishment greater than any they had ever achieved. The Congressional committee, seeking the responsibility for the disaster, exposed their activity on almost a minute-by-minute basis. For the first time in history, it photographed in fine-grained detail the operation of a modern code-breaking organization at a moment of crisis. This is that film. It depicts OP-20-G and S.I.S. in the 24 hours preceding the Pearl Harbor attack, with the events of the past as prologue. It is the story of one day of MAGIC. The two American cryptanalytic agencies had not sprung full-blown into being like Athena from the brow of Zeus. The Navy had been solving at least the simpler Japanese diplomatic and naval codes in Rooms 1649 and 2646 on the "deck" above since the 1920s. The Army's cryptanalytical work during the 1920s was centered in the so-called American Black Chamber under Herbert O. Yardley, who had organized
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