If she phones me, you will answer the phone. I will go there myself. she has to If he isn´t going, keep it. If she has given a promise, 2. tüüp ebareaalne tingimus olevikus või tulevikus Tingimus (if) Tulemus Verb lihtminevikus (did) Would/should+verb Pane tähele! Verb be on kõigis pööretes Could/might+verb were (I/you/he/we/they were) If she phoned me, you should answer the phone. If I were a bird, I would fly away. If she hadn´t a husband, she could marry me. 3. tüüp ebareaalne tingimus minevikus Tingimus (if) Tulemus Verb enneminevikus (had done) Would/should+have+ Past Participle Could/might+have+ Past Participle
täisminevikus (do, is, doing, have done) If she phones me, you will answer the phone. If he isn´t going, I will go there myself. If she has given a promise, she has to keep it. Type 2- ebareaalne tingimus olevikus või tulevikus Tingimus (if) Tulemus Verb lihtminevikus (did). would/should+verb NB! Verb be on kõigis pööretes were. could/might+verb If she phoned me, you should answer the phone. If I were a bird, I would fly away. If she hadn´t a husband, she could marry me. Type 3- ebareaalne tingimus minevikus Tingimus (if) Tulemus Verb enneminevikus (had done) would/should+ have+Past participle If she had phoned me, you should have answer the phone.
Second conditional: unlikely to happen THIRD CONDITIONAL Jack wanted to buy a house last year but he couldn't do that because he didn't have any money. If I had had a lo t o f m o ne y, I would have bought a b ig h o us e . THIRD CONDITIONAL Yesterday, Susan wanted to phone Paul but she couldn't do that because she didn't know his number. If I had known h is num b e r, I would have phoned h im . THIRD CONDITIONAL If I had had a lo t o f m o ne y, I would have bought a b ig h o us e . If I had known h is num b e r, I would have phoned h im . if-clause: main clause: PAST PERFECT SIMPLE PAST CONDITIONAL would + have + past participle The third conditional refers to the past and it is not based on facts. It expresses the a situation
Story About five years ago Jessica and Adam met while Jessica was working in London as a programmer for an IT company. One day Jessica saw Adam at a furniture shop. Adam was a university student looking for a couch, he also was doing a summer job as a supermarket employee. When Adam was leaving the shop he left a little message near Jessicas laptop, it told her to call him. Jessica phoned her the next day and they met at the same evening. Adam and Jessica liked a lot about each other. Soon after they met Jessica was run over by a car as she was heading home from work. She was badly hurt, but recovered within 6 months. Adam helped her a lot by supporting her and taking care of her. 133
Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing to complain about the mobile phone which I bought from your store and about your customer service. I bought the phone on 15th September. I was told that the phone has guarantee for 6 months. It worked properly for three weeks. Then it suddenly stopped working, the screen went black and the buttons didn’t function. I immedately phoned your helpline and was told that this was completely my fault and i have to pay extra money for the repair. I think that it is unreasonable that I have to pay for the phone repair because guarantee is 6 months. I also think that in the future you should talk to your employees about their attitude. I would like to get my phone repaired for free. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully, xy
- Are we going to be late? * He can sing - Can he sing? 2.) Present and past simple questions are usually formed with the auxiliary verb do/did/done. The main verb is the infinitive. * They live in Paris - Do they live in Paris? * He saw her today - Did he see her today? 3.) A question can also begin with a question word. Notice that the word order changes * She is dancing. - What is she dancing? NB! Who did Peter phone? (Subject is Peter) Kellele Peeter helistas? Who phoned Peter? (Subject is who) Kes helistas Peetrile? REPORTED QUESTIONS When we ask for information, we often say Do you know...?/ Could you tell me?. If you begin a question like this, the word order is different from a simple question Compare: Where has Tom gone? But Do you know where Tom has gone? * What time is it? Do you know what time it is? *Who is that woman? I don't know who that woman is. *Where can I find Linda? Can you tell me where I can find Linda? * How much will it cost
If I were you, I would go on holiday. You would enjoy better health if you stopped smoking. 3 The Third Conditional expresses imaginary situations and regrets about the past; If I had had time, I would have helped you. In the if-clause we use the Past Perfect, in the main clause we use would have + the Past Participle. We can also use could have or might have in the main clause: If I had known about it, I could have phoned you yesterday. The short form -‘d can be either had or would: If you’d called me, I’d have come to see you. (= If you had called me, I would have come to see you.) It can sometimes be used to criticize people or point out their mistakes. If you’d been more careful, you wouldn’t have caused the accident. Linking words used in Conditionals if or when If and when are not the same - if refers to conditions and when refers to time.
If she phones me, If he isn´t going, you will answer the phone. I will go there myself. she has to keep it. If she has given a promise, 2. tüüp ebareaalne tingimus olevikus või tulevikus Tingimus (if) Tulemus Verb lihtminevikus (did) Would/should+verb Pane tähele! Verb be on kõigis pööretes were Could/might+verb (I/you/he/we/they were) If she phoned me, you should answer the phone. If I were a bird, I would fly away. If she hadn´t a husband, she could marry me. 3. tüüp ebareaalne tingimus minevikus Tingimus (if) Tulemus Verb enneminevikus (had done) Would/should+have+ Past Participle Could/might+have+ Past Participle
They look 3 She was unlucky because she was 6 have/'ve known interested and it looks as though shipwrecked three times. 7 walked they are working hard. Most of She was lucky because she survived 8 have you phoned them are looking at the experiment each of the three disasters. 2 1 written 8 was trying and working together. They are 4 1 D 3 F 5 G all wearing uniform it's quite an 2 been meaning 9 came
of a clause. You are a good friend (C). prepositional phrase eessõnafraas A phrase with a preposition as the head followed by a I'll come with you. complement. verb phrase verbifraas A phrase with a lexical verb as its head. A verb phrase We should have phoned you. introduces the predicate part of a clause, indicates the clause type, and shows contrasts in tense, aspect, voice and mood. Parts of the sentence lauseliikmed English Estonian Definition Example
3 She arrived a few minutes ago. (just) She ________________________________________________ arrived. 4 This is not our first time at a rock concert. (already) We ________________________________________________ to a rock concert. 5 I am still tidying my room. (finished) I ________________________________________________ my room yet. 6 He came to live here two years ago. (for) He ________________________________________________ two years. 7 She hasn't phoned her mother yet. (still) She ________________________________________________ her mother. 8 I started this letter a week ago. (writing) I ________________________________________________ this letter for a week. 9 The snow started this morning and it is still snowing. (been) It ________________________________________________ since this morning. 10 Tourists first started to visit Ibiza in the 60s. (coming)
overcome an unpleasant situation caused by my purchase of your 'Crazee 4 You' package. When I read the description of your special offer in the advertisement, I immediately thought about my niece: she is literally 'crazee for them', one of their greatest fans without any doubts! Since I was looking for two birthday presents for her, I decided that your package was the perfect gift for my nine- year-old Emily to and I bought it. I was sure I had made the right choice, at least until the day she phoned me to tell me that she has already seen the video - described as 'exclusive' in the advert - on TV the week before, that some of the 'top-quality photographs' were just blurred black and white pictures and that the free membership to your fan club wasn't included (she's still waiting for it now, after two weeks!). Although the package had come with a money-back guarantee, the shop assistant refused me a refund when I took it back. Considering that I know your store as one of the most reliable
the high shelf. Samantha was second in the race, wasn't she? Were is the simple past tense of are. Use were with the pronouns you, we and they, and with plural nouns. These were my best jeans. The Romans were brave soldiers. They were third in the wheelbarrow race. There weren't any clouds in the sky. Were you still in bed when I phoned? We were on the same school team. Those were my best jeans. 104 m ar H am Gr elp Here is a table to help you remember the rules: Singular Plural First person I was we were Second person you were you were Third person he was they were
As long as we perceive and de- fine the action as a compliance device instead of a favor, the giver no longer has DEFENSE . . . the reciprocation rule as an ally: The rule says that favors are to be met with fa- vors; it does not require that tricks be met with favors. Smoking Out the Enemy A practical example may make things more concrete. Let's suppose that a woman phoned one day and introduced herself as a member of the Home Fire Safety As- sociation in your town. Suppose she then asked if you would be interested in learn- ing about home fire safety, having your house checked for fire hazards, and receiving a home fire extinguisher-all free of charge. Let's suppose further that you were interested in these things and made an evening appointment to have one of the association's inspectors come over to provide them. When the inspector ar-
about changing your thinking and changing your life. The first is your parents, living or dead.You must absolutely for- give them for every mistake they ever made in bringing you up. At the very least, you should be grateful to them for giving you life. They got you here. If you are happy to be alive, you can forgive them for everything else. Never complain about them again. Many of my seminar participants have phoned or visited their parents and told them that they forgive them for everything. Often this simple act of courage and character has had a profound effect on their relationship with their mother or father. From that day on- ward, they have become good friends, which lasted the rest of their lives together. In contrast, by not forgiving your parents, you remain forever a child. You block your own chance to grow up and become a fully
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