PAST PERFECT and PAST
PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Presentation by
Keir Tetsmann
Past Perfect
· WE USE PAST PERFECT:
· For an action which happened before another past action or
before a stated time in the past.
· I had finished my work by eight o´clock .
· For an action which finished in the past and whose results
was visible at a later point in the past.
· He had just washed his head,his hair were wet.
We use the Past Perfect
· For a general situation in the past.
· Everything had seemed normal at first.
· HAD+PAST PARTICIPLE
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.) · Repeated and habitual actions, routines (She usually goes..) · Laws of nature and general truths (The sun sets in the west) · Timetables and programmes · Sporting commentaries, rewiews (Beckham wins the ball, crosses and Owen scores) · Feelings and emotions (I love Tallinn..) TIME EXPRESSIONS USED WITH PRESENT SIMPLE: usually, often, always, every day/week etc, in the morning/evening etc, at night/the weekend, on Fridays etc. Present Continuous · Actions taking place at or arount the moment of speaking (The kids are watching TV..) · Fixed arrangements in the near future (I'm going to the dentist tomorrow) · Currently changing ang developing situations (The number of burgularies is increasing) · With ,,Always" to express anger or irritation at a repeated action (You're always forgetting..) TIME EXPRESSIONS USED WITH PRESENT CONTINUOUS: now, at the moment, at present, these days, nowadays, still,
I'll help you with your homework. Will you give me a hand? 5.In the same way as the future continuous, but with state verbs: I'll be at the station when you arrive. 'Shall' is used mainly in the forms 'shall I ?' and 'shall we?' in British English. These forms are used when you want to get someone's opinion, especially for offers and suggestions: •Shall I open the window? (=do you want me to open the window). •Where shall we go tonight? (=what's your opinion?). PRESENT CONTINUOUS PRESENT SIMPLE AM/IS/ARE + ING (AM INFINITIVE (WORK;WORKS) WORKING) We talk about things that we have We talk about events in the future already arranged to do in the which are 'timetabled'. future. •My plane leaves at 6 in the •I've got my ticket. I'm leaving on morning. Thursday. •The shop opens at 9.30.
· · Past tenses Past Simple is used for: Past actions which happened one immediately after the other. E.g. She stood up, went up to her and grabbed her wrists. Completed actions or events, which happened at a stated past time. E.g. I went to the cinema last night. Past habits or states. E.g. my grandfather always wore a hat. Complete actions not connected to the present with a stated or implied time reference. E.g. Beethoven created wonderful classical pieces. Time expressions used with Past Simple: yesterday, last week/month etc, ago, then, just, now, when, in 1991, etc Past continuous is used for: Actions in the middle of happening at a stated past time. E.g. She was flying to Paris this time last Monday.
They are building a new bridge in our town. 2. Changes happening around now. The population of the world is increasing fast. 3. Arrangements for the future. I am flying to Toronto next Friday. Negative form: We aren't (are not) working at the moment. I am not enjoying this show very much. Question form: Are they playing football in the park right now?Why is she laughing? Signal words: at the moment, now, right now, Listen!, Look! etc. PRESENT PERFECT (täisminevik) Form: have/has + past participle (3. põhivorm) Use: 1. An action in the past, where the fact, not the time, is important. I have been to England four times. 2. An action in the past that has a result now. She has lost her keys. 3. Something that began in the past and still continues now. He has been in hospital since Monday. Negative form: We haven't (have not) done our homework yet. He hasn't (has not) visited his granny since August.
Past Perfect Simple and Continuous Table of Contents Past Perfect Simple ............................................................... 2 When to use the Past Perfect Simple ..................................... 2 Past Perfect Continuous (Progressive) ................................... 3 When to use the Past Perfect Continuous.............................. 3 Comparison of the use of different past tenses ...................... 4 Past Perfect Simple The Past Perfect is had + a past participle. It is the same in all persons. I had worked he had gone Negative I had not slept/hadn’t slept Question Had he studied? When to use the Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect tenses in general refer to: An event in the past which happened before another event in the past, where there is no time expression to make this clear.
PAST TENSES Past Simple Used to talk about a completed past action which happened at a completed time in the past. We went to Tallinn yesterday. I saw him a long time ago. We met last week. Used to talk about a series of events that happened one after another. He walked to school, took off his coat, went to class and fell asleep. Used to report what people said. He said that he was tired. He asked to go home. Used after "It's time" (even though we're talking about now) It's time we talked about the past (now).
· Cats like milk. still, just, etc. · Birds do not like milk. · Do pigs like milk? Examples: · California is in America. · California is not in the United Kingdom. · You only speak English. · Windows are made of glass. · Do you only speak English? I am not reading any books right now. Present Continuous · · Are you working on any special projects at work? [am/is/are + present participle] · Aren't you teaching at the university now? Examples: USE 3 Near Future · You are watching TV. · Are you watching TV? · You are not watching TV.
You use an active verb when you want to say that the subject of a sentence does something. · [Thing doing action] + [verb] + · +[thing receiving action] · Examples The professor (subject doing action) teaches (verb) · the students (object receiving action). · Mary (subject doing action) · washes (verb) · the dishes ( object receiving action). The tenses of the verb 1.Present (olevik) 2.Past (minevik) 3.Future (tulevik) 4.Future in the past (kaudne tulevik) Iga aeg võib esineda neljas eri rühmas 1.IndefiniteTenses (üldajad) 2.Continious Tenses (kestvad ajad) 3.Perfect Tenses (perfekti ajad) 4.Perfect Continious Tenses (perfekti kestvad ajad) Indefinite Tenses (üldajad) used to describe actions but do not state whether the action is completed or on- going märgivad tegevuse sooritamise fakti Peter visits us every day. Peter visited us yesterday. Peter will visit us tomorrow.
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