teadmisi riskifaktoritest, oskusi märgata väärkohtlemisele viitavaid märke. · Tertsiaarne väärkoheldud laste ja nende pereliikmete meditsiinilist, sotsiaalset ja psühholoogilist abi, eesmärgiga taastada nende vaimset ja füüsilist tervist ning toimetulekut nii palju kui võimalik. Lastel aidata üle saada arenguhäiretest, nii et nad saaksid olla paremad vanemad oma lastele. 11. Statistika välismaal ja Eestis maltreatment-julm kohtlemine, vägivalla tarvitamine. 12. Ohvri ja situatsiooni riskifaktorid Ohver tavaliselt alla 5aastased, lapsikult käitumine, madal sünnikaal, raske ennast kontrollida, osaline ohtlik või vägivaldne käitumine Situatsioon pereprobleemid, sotsiaalse toetuse madal tase, majandusliku stressi kõrge tase, lapse poole pöördumine, oskamatus organiseerida ja teha õigeid otsuseid.
One possible way to show people how serious the problem is, is to distribute those materials. Often just talking about something serious does not create the image to the people and they need proof to realise the deepness of it. Even more, recently WSPA (World Society for the Protection of Animals) published an international report, where it is said that most of the 61 milliard farm animals who are raised to get milk, meet or eggs, are living in cruel conditions and are suffering from severe maltreatment. The report also exteriorizes the main ways of ill-treatment of the farm animals. One thing is that the calves are taken away from their mothers few days after they are born. Although they should be together 9-12 months. What is more, 75% of 5,6 milliard hens are kept in so small cages that they cannot even stretch their wings. In addition, those chickens that are raised to get meat, are living in rooms that have no windows. There are even 50,000 birds together and
Tears and laughter are forms of expression that we think are fairly easy to interpret. However, tears are used to express many different things - sorrow, joy, and anger. Laughter can be a sign of happiness and friendliness, but also of contempt and sarcasm. Sometimes we also laugh if we are scared, or if we experience something very horrifying. Occasionally, people who work with other people in the welfare or health sectors can happen to laugh if they learn of something particularly tragic - maltreatment, violence, or death. This is likely to be a response to protect their own sanity from the horror of many incidents they face in their work and may also stop them from breaking down and crying. To be able to read body language is very interesting, but it can be complicated, so watch out! Mistakes can easily be made. Finally, if you want to know more about body language, there are a number of good books on the subject notably by Allan and Barbara Pease and also by Dr Desmond Morris.
Child Abuse Review, 11, 359-379. Altosaar, K. (2004). Seksuaalselt väärkohtlev nooruk. Rmt.: K. Cicchetti, D., & Lynch, M. (1995). Failures in the expectable Soo & D. Kutsar (Toim.), Seksuaalse väärkohtlemise environment and their impact ob individual development: kogemused ja hoiakud Eesti noorte hulgas. Tartu, 75-96. The case of child maltreatment. In: D. Cicchetti & D. J. Archer, J., & Browne, K. D. (1989). Dating violence in the United Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Vol.2. Kingdom: A preliminary study. Aggressive Behaviour, 15, Risk, disorder, and adaptation. New York: Wiley & Sons, 337-343. 32-71. Azar, S. T., Povilaitis, T. Y., Lauretti, A. F., & Pouquette, C. L. Cohen, S., De Vos, E., & Newberger, E. H
kontekstis (WHO 1999,15). Lapse ekspluateerimine ärilisel või muul eesmärgil viitab lapse kasutamisele töö- või muudes tegevustes, mis toovad kasu teistele. See tegevus hõlmab laste kasutamist tööjõuna ja laste prostitutsiooni, kuid ei piirdu sellega. Selline tegevus kahjustab lapse füüsilist ja/või psüühilist tervist, tema haridust ja psühholoogilist, moraalset või sotsiaal-emotsionaalset arengut. Laste väärkohtlemine (ingl. k. child maltreatment) on üldisem mõiste, mis sisaldab kõiki lastega väärkohtlemisega seotud termineid nagu lapse kuritarvitamine (ingl. k. child abuse), vaimne vägivald (ingl. k. emotional abuse), füüsiline vägivald (ingl. k. physical abuse), seksuaalne väärkohtlemine (ingl. k. sexual abuse), hooletussejätmine (ingl. k. neglect) ja hoolimatu kohtlemine (ingl. k. negligent treatment). Lapse seksuaalse kohtlemise määratlemiseks on mõned autorid võtnud selle mõiste alla
institutions, facilities and services for the care of children. 3. States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that children of working parents have the right to benefit from child-care services and facilities for which they are eligible. Article 19 1. States Parties shall take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse, while in the care of parent(s), legal guardian(s) or any other person who has the care of the child. 2. Such protective measures should, as appropriate, include effective procedures for the establishment of social programmes to provide necessary support for the child and for those who have the care of the child, as well as for other forms of prevention and for identification,
89 48. Osalus ja kaasamine. MTÜ Lastekaitse Liit. Kättesaadav: http://www.lastekaitseliit.ee/lapse6igused/kaasamine/osalus-ja-kaasamine/. 49. Parandatud ja täiendatud Euroopa sotsiaalharta. RT II 2000, 15, 93. 50. Parton, N. Child Protection and Family Support. Tensions, contradictions and possibilities. London and New York: Routledge, 1997. 51. Pelton, L.H. Have child maltreatment and child placement rates declined? Children and Youth Services Review, 2013, 35(11), lk 1816-1822. 52. Ponciano, L. The voices of youth in foster care: A participant action research study. Action Research, 2013, 11(4), lk 322-336. 53. Philips, E. Laste kaasamine ja osalus otsustusprotsessides: erinevate lapse õigustega tegelevate institutsioonide ning noorteorganisatsioonide esindajate tõlgendused Eesti praktikast. Bakalaureusetöö
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