Hillary Putnam Richard Rorty Noam Chomsky Saul Kripke Continental Philosophy Critical Theory of Science Hermeneutic Philosophy Post-modernism Critical Theory of Science Martin Horkheimer Theodor Adorno Herbert Marcuse Jürgen Habermas Hermeneutic Philosophy Hans Georg Gadamer Post-modernism Jean-François Lyotard Michel Foucault Jacques Derrida Gianni Vattimo Philosophy of Transcendence Spiritualism Henri Bergson Maurice Blondel Neo-Tomism Jacques Maritain Etienne Gilson Philosophy of Transcendence Personalism Gabriel Marcel Karol Wojtila Martin Buber Emmanuel Levinas Important Living Philosophers Alain Badiou Slavoj Zizek Jürgen Habermas Charles Taylor
Erich Fromm suri 1980. aastal mõni päev enne oma 80. sünnipäeva. Sotsiaalsed vajadused Selleks et mõista inimese sotsiaalset käitumist, tuleb orienteeruda tema vajadustest. A. Vajadus suhelda (for relatedness) väljendub püsivate ja usaldusväärsete inimsuhete tarbes. - Alternatiivid: kas armastada või asuda sümbiootilisse (allutamisel või allumisel põhinevasse) suhtesse. B. Vajadus ületada (for transcendence). Eneseaktualiseerimise, oma piiratuse ületamise vajadus. -Alernatiivid: agressioon või looming C. Vajadus juurte järgi (for rootedness) püüd kindlusele, seotusele. - Alternatiivid: oma suguvõsa, klanni kummardamine (natsionalism ja rassism) Või inimsus, vendlus ja kõige elava austamine. D. Vajadus samastuda (for identity) ehk identiteeditarve. Inimesel on vajadus teada, kuhu
· 'The nightmare of history': · Nightmare-product of both warped post-colonial national identities, And the traumatic processes of colonialism, traumatic experiences and events, holocaust 20. D M Thomas's view of history as myth. Postmodern play, metafiction, magic realism, intertextuality and plagiarism (or pastiche!) in The White Hotel. D M Thomas's view of history as myth. Documantery material in fictional form-transcendence. Lisa in 'heaven'=our world. We have to go on after myths and people have died Intertextuality.Anatoly Kuznetsov. Baby Yar (censured 1966 USSR, 1970 NY) · A documentary novel in Russian · Smuggled by author to the West in 1969 · Ravine near Kiev, Ukraine Pastiche: (often parodic) imitation of other (non-fictional) genres of media in a work of fiction. To challenge generic boundaries. To attarct attention to the act of writing. To suggest that everything is
Decentering of history, we get new historys instead. Postcolonial period is new history, feminist theory. In feminism there is decentering of the male subject. In postmodernism history is ongoing and neverending, whatever shuts down discourse means death. Different types of postmodernism- derrida and deconstruction-there is no distinction boarders between high and low culture. Like modernists derrida believed in fragmentation in language play, emphazis on immanense rather than transcendence, immanense means subjectivity, inherent, not going beyond but being within. In modernism art is a place peaceful escape, the artist rises above the chaos, people are alienated but art is peaceful, art is the creator of new explanations and so on. Postmodernism art is different, artist is no longer above life, but is within the chaos of life, artist takes place in the life. According to derrida, the world used to
the first who saw it with absolute clarity. Later the title Buddha was conferred upon him. Buddha means “the awakened one.” At abut the same time, another of humanity’s early awakened teachers emerged in China. His name was Lao Tzu. He left a record of his teaching in the form of one of the most profound spiritual books ever written, the Tao Te Ching. To recognize one’s own insanity, is of course, the arising of sanity, the beginning of healing and transcendence. A new dimension of consciousness had begun to emerge on the planet, a first tentative flowering. Those rare individuals then spoke to their contemporaries. They spoke of sin, of suffering, of delusion. They said, “Look how you live. See what you are doing, the suffering you create.” They then pointed to the possibility of awakening from the collective nightmare of “normal” human existence. They showed the way. The world was not yet ready for them, and yet they were a vital and
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