Indented / n'dentd / sakiline Estuary / 'estjr / suudmelaht Watershed / 'w:td /veelahe Pike / pak / haug Rugged / 'rgd / konarlik, karm Meadow / 'med / aas, heinamaa England features mostly low hills and plains. The Pennine Chain runs from the north to south, splitting northern England into western and eastern parts. The Lake District in situated in the north-west of England and there are the most beautiful landscapes and the highest peak in England is Scafell Pike (978 m). The warmest part in England is the Peninsula of Cornwall in summer. Scotland Densely / 'densl / tihedasti
The mountainous part of the country is Scotland. There are many highlands with high mountains and deep valleys. The highest peak is Ben Nevis 1343m high. In Scotland there is also a wide lowland area just between the two uplands. This is the part where many big towns are situated, including Edinburgh and Glasgow. More than three quarters of Scotland's population live in that area. A big part of Wales is also mountainous and in England the Pennine Range which is also called as the backbone of England because of its location. The rest of the country is rather undulating and not even the large agricultural plains in East Anglia are perfectly flat. In Ireland all the highland areas are situated on the coastal areas but there are no peaks over 1100 m. Great Britain is rich in rivers but they are rather short. The longest rivers are the Severn, which flows into the Bristol Channel and the Thames which flows just through the city of London
`Prince(ess) of Wales' to the heir of the British Monarch continues to the present day. 4. Relief The island is just under a thousand kilometers long and under five hundred kilometers wide. The most mountainous region is of course Scotland with its highland and highest peak: Ben Nevis 1343 m. Scotland also has a wide lowland are between the Grampians and Southern Uplands, where most of the largest cities and population are located. Much of Wales is also mountainous and in England the Pennine Range extends 224 kilometres. The rest of England tends to be quite bumpy, for not even the large plains of East Anglia are perfectly flat. In Ireland all the highland areas are around the edge, but there are no peaks that surpass the height of one kilometer. The rivers are quite short, the longest being the Severn and the Thames. Their easy navigability has made them an important part of the inland transport network. 5. Population
..+20 degrees in summer and -5...-7 degrees in winter. The unstable weather has a definite effect upon the national character. They say that it has made the British both cautious and easily adaptable. Great Britain, consisting of England, Scotland and Wales, is 350 miles across at its widest point and 600 miles long at its longest. It has got beautiful beaches, bays, inlets, cliffs and rocky headlands. England features mostly low hills and plains. Its coastline is 3200 km long. The Pennine Chain splits northern England into western and eastern parts. There are many rivers and lakes (Lake District for example). The whole of England resembles a park in the hands of a skilful landscape gardener. Scotland covers about one-third of Great Britain. It has large areas of untouched and wild landscapes. Britain's highest peak, Ben Nevis (1343 m) lies there. Scotland may be divided into the Lowlands and the Northern Highlands. The Great Glen, cutting across the Highlands, is a
sai lausa korraga vermida. Võimalusest lisada mündile mitteväärismetalli (nt vaske), said alguse mustad mündid. Kölnis muutus müntides väärismetalli hulk: 12. saj 1,32 g hõbedat; 1326 0,36 g hõbedat; keskaja lõpul 0,076 g hõbedat. Valitsejad keelasid ära vanad mündid ja valasid neist uued, milles hõbedat oli vähem. Inimesed pidid sellega kaasa tulema, sest kohalikus käibes olid ainult kohalikud mündid. Sisuliselt tegid valitsejad täiesti legaalselt valeraha. Kui pennine münt enda väärtuse kaotas, hakati 12.-13. saj valmistama suuremaid münte. Esimeste seas oli nt Veneetsia gross. Suurkaubanduses tulid 13. saj kasutusele kuldmündid, mida valmistasid Itaalia linnad. Tuntuimad neist on tukat ja floriin Veneetsia ja Firenze nimede järgi. Aadlikud ja vaimulikud lasidki münte valmistada linandes, aga au jäi ikkagi neile. 15. saj tõuseb nende kõrvale uus suur hõbemünt Joachimstadtist taaler.
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