TTÜ Tartu kolledz Durability of concrete Tauri Must Tartu 2009 Main Content Cement Aggregate Sand Water Chemical admixtures Field of application Concrete is used in... · Pavements · architectural structures · Foundations · roads · Bridges · marine- and parking structures · brick/block walls · footings for gates fences Three Georges Dam · The world largest concrete construction · China, river of Yangzte, 2006 · 2,335m long, 101m high Possible threats Physical Chemical · Frost · Sulftates, · Wind · Sea water, · Waves · Acids, · Fire · Alkali-silica reactions
Durability of concrete In this presentation I'm focusing on the durability of concrete. First I'll give a brief overview of concrete, we have to know what does it actually means and where is it used? (slide) Basically concrete is a construction material composed of cement, aggregate (generally gravel, limestone, or granite, plus a fine aggregate such as sand) also water, and chemical admixtures.(slide) Concrete is used to make pavements, architectural structures, foundations, roads, bridges, marine- and parking structures, brick/block walls and footings for gates, fences and so forth. Mainly it is used because of its high durability and availability, but also because it is cheaper than to use wood for example. Concrete is used more than any other man-made material in the world.(slide) Moving on, the durability of concrete can be defined as the ability to remain serviceable for at
Seda kuulates tundus nagu laulaks Adele ise seda, sest nende mõlema hääled on nii sarnased ja jõulised. Selles loos oli ka kohe kuulda suurt hääleulatust, kuna refrään nõuab päris kõrgeid noote. Lugu oli hea algus kontserdile ning tõstis ka kohe ootused kõrgele. Peale seda tuli üks Bob Dylani lugu, ma ei saanud väga aru, miks see lugu repertuaari lisati, kuna see ei põimunud teiste lugudega. Esimese osa üks lemmikumaid lugusid oli „Chasing Pavements“, selle loo meloodia ja rütm oli nii kaasahaarav, et oleks võinud püsti tõusta ja tantsima hakata. Ka rahva seas oli märgata, et muusika publikut endaga haaras. Kahjuks ei saa seda aga kõigi kohta öelda, sest mõned olid telefonides, lobisesid või olid telefoni hääletu peale unustanud panna. Kadri Voorand oli väga julge ning otsekohese ütlemisega ning tegi ka väikse sellekohase humoorika märkuse. Iga loo
schools and collages. The city also provides private education. American children must complete 12 years of education. In New York City this lasts from the ages of 6 to 17. Children begin at elementary school, move on to middle school and finish at high school, where most gain a diploma. New York offers a variety of high schools for pupils who want to specialize from their teenage years, for example the School of the Performing Arts. New Yorkers seem to be always on the move. In Manhattan the pavements are full of pedestrians, while cars, buses and taxis jam the roads. Driving in central New York is only for the daring, so people often take one of the famous yellow taxis instead. There are about 12 000 of them in the city. Another way to get around overground is to take a bus. New York's express buses do not make many stops, so they go much faster than regular buses but they still cannot avoid the jams. New York's first subway line opened in 1904
Vuugivariant. Eestis pole muudetud kujuga deformatsioonivuuke veel kasutatud, küll aga on rajatud deformatsioonivuuke teega nurga all nagu Tartu Vabadussillal. Joonis 12. Tartu Vabadussilla deformatsioonivuuk. 15 KASUTATUD KIRJANDUS 1. Columbia-Kivi Deformatsioonivuugid. 2008. 2. Seungwook Lim, Jin-Hoon Jeong, Dan G. Zollinger. (2009). Moisture profiles and shrinkage in early-age concrete pavements. - International Journal of Pavement Engineering Vol 10. No 1. 3. Töökirjelduste infosüsteem. [WWW] http://www.eesti.ee/portaal/!this.query_view_tookirjeldus?tookirjeldusId=1292 4. Matve, H. (2004). Eesti sillaehitus, Tln: Tallinna Tehnikaülikool 170 lk. 5. Masso, T. Ehitusfüüsika. Ehituskonstruktori käsiraamat. Tallinn 2010 6. Soojusõpetus. Tahke keha soojuspaisumise uurimine. Laboratoorne töö nr. 2. Tallinna Ülikool. 7. Laas, T. (2009)
kuhugi seisusesse või klassi (valitsejad-valitsetavad). Dollfus (prantslane) – räägib süsteemist: Maailmasüsteem – inimkond oma ruumilises seoses. - Koostisosad: inimkond ja assotsiatsioonide kogum (ühiskonnad, riigid, kultuurid, firmad, turud,...) Assotsiatsioonid arenevad pidevalt vastastikuses seoses. Tema käsitlust saab kasutada nii ammuste aegade kui tänapäeva puhul. - Süsteemi tunnused (5): 1) Sillutised (pavements) – kõige tuntumad sillutised on riigid (piirid, atribuudid, sümbolid), ka turud – hõlmavad mitut riiki, aga võivad riike ka poolitada. 2) Püünised (võrgustikud) – majanduslik ebavõrdsus võimaldab kaubandust, varad jagunenud ebaühtlaselt, mõned piirkonnad on muutunud atraktiivsemaks, mõned mitte. Püünised on kesksed, kus toimub kaupade ja inimeste liikumine. 3) Megalopoliste arhipelaag (saarestik tavaliselt) – suurlinnade kogumid, mitte lihtsalt suurlinn
3 meticulously gases 3 We watched the road movie that 3 thermostat 9 seats Challenge! Students' own answers Greg was telling me about. 4 emissions 10 altitude 4 Laura got the promotion (that) 5 pavements 11 species 10D Immortality page 8687 Sara had set her sights on. 6 tap 12 deforestation 5 Katie's seeing Joe, who Sharma 1 1 ill 2 un 3 mal 4 in 5 de used to go out with. 2 1 addressing 4 combat 6 less 7 non 8 un 9 im
long shorts. His Converse sneakers looked comfortably beat up and tribal tattoos peeked up from his collar. "My website has the hours. You should come by and watch, see if it's for you." "I'll definitely think about it." "Do that." He extended his hand again, and his grip was solid and confident. "I hope to see you." The apartment smelled fabulous when I got back home and Adele was crooning soulfully through the surround sound speakers about chasing pavements. I looked across the open floor plan into the kitchen and saw Cary swaying to the music while stirring something on the range. There was an open bottle of wine on the counter and two goblets, one of which was half-filled with red wine. "Hey," I called out as I got closer. "Whatcha cooking? And do I have time for a shower first?" He poured wine into the other goblet and slid it across the breakfast bar to me, his movements practiced and elegant
Nor is S peak er2 anymemberof the ' A ct N ow 'group. Interviewer: Somepeoplethink that the time you rippedup Our housewas big and veryneat.Therewas alwaysa lot of pavements w as qui teaggressi ve, though.W hat was t hat all s pac ein t he r o o m s a, n d th e w h o l ep l a c eh a d a l i ghtand ai ry about? f eel.T her ewasl i ttl efu rn i tu rea n dw h a t w e h a dwasal lw hi te. Guest: What we did was, dig up a streetand plant flowers
Nor is S peak er2 anymemberof the ' A ct N ow 'group. Interviewer: Somepeoplethink that the time you rippedup Our housewas big and veryneat.Therewas alwaysa lot of pavements w as qui teaggressi ve, though.W hat was t hat all s pac ein t he r o o m s a, n d th e w h o l ep l a c eh a d a l i ghtand ai ry about? f eel.T her ewasl i ttl efu rn i tu rea n dw h a t w e h a dwasal lw hi te. Guest: What we did was, dig up a streetand plant flowers
Nor is S peak er2 anymemberof the ' A ct N ow 'group. Interviewer: Somepeoplethink that the time you rippedup Our housewas big and veryneat.Therewas alwaysa lot of pavements w as qui teaggressi ve, though.W hat was t hat all s pac ein t he r o o m s a, n d th e w h o l ep l a c eh a d a l i ghtand ai ry about? f eel.T her ewasl i ttl efu rn i tu rea n dw h a t w e h a dwasal lw hi te. Guest: What we did was, dig up a streetand plant flowers
Nor is S peak er2 anymemberof the ' A ct N ow 'group. Interviewer: Somepeoplethink that the time you rippedup Our housewas big and veryneat.Therewas alwaysa lot of pavements w as qui teaggressi ve, though.W hat was t hat all s pac ein t he r o o m s a, n d th e w h o l ep l a c eh a d a l i ghtand ai ry about? f eel.T her ewasl i ttl efu rn i tu rea n dw h a t w e h a dwasal lw hi te. Guest: What we did was, dig up a streetand plant flowers
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