GREAT BRITAIN Anton Zatkin 9.c Tallinna Reaalkool GENERAL INFORMATION · Population of about 60 million people · Politically: England, Scotland and Wales. · Area: 229,848 km2 · Ninth largest island in the world. · Third most populous in the world. TERMINOLOGY · First name ever: Albion · Britannia or Brittnia, the land of the Britons · Geoffrey of Monmouth: Britannia major, Britannia minor · Britain: United Kingdom · Internet domains: .uk/.gb BIODIVERSITY · Early industrialisation and urbanisation. · 100 species in 20th century · Important wintering host for birds · Large mammals extinct · 3,354 plant species · Fortingwall Y ew · Trees up to 65 metres RELIGION · Christianity: · Anglicanism · Roman Catholic Church · Patron Saint: Saint Alban · The Jews expelled from
There are 3 categories of Chivalric Romance 1. The Matter of Britain About King Arthur and his court. 2. The Matter of Troy About the antique myth of Britain origin from the ancient city of Troy through its founder Brutus. 3. The Breton Lay Main character is Merlin. Chivalric romance is a mixture of: local myths Anglo-Saxon heritage French courtly tradition ancient Greek and Roman myths (Troy) The authors' imagination Geoffrey of Monmouth (1100-1155) Supposed to be the history of the kings of Britain. Wanted to write the family tree of King Arthur, but managed to write only about 12-13 kings. It was written in Latin. His first book was "The Prophecies of Merlin"(around 1135), this book is remarkable, because before it Merlin was known as "Myrddin". Next book was "Histpry of the Kings of Britain". The book was written about Roman Invasion and Julius Caesar and the rise of King
land, owned by the lords and used as they wished. 5) 1086 Domesday Book to improve taxation 6) Reforms the legal system : The Common Law 7) 1215 a first government is assigned 8.) Types of literature most prominent in the middle ages ( didactic poems, Chivalric romance, Fables, Ballads). What is Chivalric romance, where does it originate from? What are the three categories describe each of them? Geoffrey of Monmouth and Historia Regum Britanniae importance, Ballads and the main themes in them. 1) Didactic Poems educating poems in the English language, stories from the Bible contained moral lessons, often performed in front of the churches before the service 2) Chivalric romance court literature that originated from France. It is in the form of narrative poetry, which tell a story of a knight who undergoes several adventures ( to win the heart of his lady love).
Kroonik Wace kasutas esimesena sõna "romaan". *Wace "Brutus" "Aleksandri romaan", "Teeba romaan", Trooja romaan" Bretooni tsükkel Kurtuaase lüürika sünnikoht Lõuna-Prantsusmaa. Romaan kujunes välja Põhja- Prantsusmaal. Bretooni tsükkel- Arturi romaanide või Ümarlaua romaanide tsükkel. Iga romaani süzee on lokaalne ja episoodiline: käsitleb ühte peategelast või koguni üht sündmust tema elus. Selline kompositsiooni arendas välja Chretien de Troyes (1130 -1191). *Geoffrey of Monmouth "Britannia kuningate ajalugu" Chretien de Troyes "Lancelot Vankrirüütel" Dante Alighieri (1265 -1321) Ühe jalaga keskajas, teisega renessansis. Kolm kuulsat Firenzelast: Dante, Petrarca, Boccaccio. Esimene neis Dante. Neil kõigil oma muusa- Dantel selleks Beatrice. Platooniline armastus. Platoni nimest. Hingeline, puhas, mittefüüsiline armastus. "Uus mahe stiil" Itaalia luule tekkeaeg oli hiline, sest veel 9. sajandil oli romaani maalimas üldkasutatav
The pointed arch typically was a Gothic architectural form important structurally in the development of palaces, castles, and especially the cathedrals of western Europe, but not very important for bridges. Medieval bridges continued such multi-functional traditions as the Isfahan Bridge in Iran. Chapels, shops, tollhouses, and towers adorned fortified bridges such the 1355 Pont Valentré at Cahors (France) or the Monnow Bridge (1272, 1296) at Monmouth, Wales (UK), which were built with defensive ramparts, firing slits, and drawspans. Christian religious orders formed after the fall of the Roman Empire greatly assisted travellers by building bridges. In western and central Europe, religious groups managed popular financial institutions, with Papal sanction, both for bridge construction and for hospitals. The influence of these groups lasted from the end of the 12th to the early 14th century, and their perseverance ensured
necessity for employees to be of unquestionable loyalty and trustworthiness, because of the sensitive nature of cryptanalytic results, and the importance of their being temperamentally suited to the highly specialized nature of the work, greatly reduced the number of prospects. To fill its needs, the agency launched a series of vigorous but discreet recruiting drives. It snatched people out of its school even though they were only partially trained: during the school's entire time at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey, not one student completed the full 48-week course. It brought in members of the Women's Army Corps—almost 1,500 of them. These measures enabled the agency to grow to a strength of 10,609 at its peak on June 1, 1945—5,565 civilians, 4,428 enlisted men and W.A.C.'s and 796 officers. (This figure excludes cryptologic personnel serving under theater commanders overseas.) Nevertheless, the personnel supply never caught up to the demand. In April, 1944, for
annaabi.ee 
