Albert G. Brown in 1853, referring to Abraham Watkins Venable's speech against filibustering (“pirating”) intervention in Cuba. gerrymandering – In the modern sense of the word, gerrymandering refers to when politicians change the size and borders of an area before an election, so that one person, group, or party has an unfair advantage. The origin of the term, however, dates back to 1812, when it was first used in the Boston newspaper Boston Gazette. Elbridge Gerry, governor of Massachussets, was lampooned when his party redistricted the state in a blatant bid to preserve an Antifederalist majority. One Essex County district had resembled a salamander, and Boston Gazette dubbed it Gerrymander, combining Gerry with salamander. guacamole – The origin of guacamole dates back to the times of the Aztecs. The word comes from the ancient Nahuatl (a dialect of ancient Aztec) phrase ahuaca-mulli, roughly translating
Mida kõrgem on lisatud teraskiudude kogus, seda väiksem on betoonplaadi mõõtmete vähenemine Teraskiudude valmistamisel kolm tootmisprotsessi: * stantsitud teraslehest ja seejärel vormitud *välja lõigatud terastraaadist ja vormitud *freesitud terasplaadist _____________________________________________________ METALLMATERJALID Algas 18. Saj nende kasutamine Vanimad konstruktsioonid on sillad Coalbrookdale 1779 esimine terasest sild Massachussets 1796 esimine rippsild Louvre 1780 ja Theatre Francaise 1787 esimesed metallist katuse kandekonstruktsioonid Metallmaterjalie kasutatakse nede suure tugevuse, keevitatavuse ja elastsete-plastsete omaduste tõttu Puuduseks korrodeerumine Metalle iseloomustab kõvadus ja sooja-elektrijuhtivus Metallid jaotatakse mustadeks ja värvilisteks MUSTADMETALLID Peamine tooraine rauamaak
and is released within 18-24 months of the previous chip." 1964 BASIC - John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz 1967 IBM esimene floppy ketas; 1967 Seymour Papert lõi LOGO arvutikeele lastele; 1968 Engelbart demonstreerib süsteemi, kus on klaviatuur, numbriklahvid, hiir ja ekraan 1969 AT&T Bell Laboratories Kenneth Thompson & Dennis Ritchie loovad UNIX-i PDP-7le; 1969 Intel 4004 microprotsessor CPU In 1967 MacHACK VI became the first program to beat a human (rate 1510) at a competition, at the Massachussets State Championship 1971 esimene 4 bitine 4004 microprotsessor 1971 ARPANET!!! Interneti eelkäija 1971 - IBM alustas grupiga System/r, mis kujunes SQL-ks 1972 Ralph Baer ,,Computer Space"(1970); Nolan tegi uue firma ATARI; ,,Pong" esimene edukas videomäng; (1977 ATARI siseneb koduarvutite maailma); Colossal Cave tekstipõhine seiklusmäng Will Growheri poolt; Ray Tomlinson loob e- maili programmi ARPANET-i tekib @; 1972 5 1/4 inch diskettes first appear.
previously produced memory chip. Bill Gates and Paul Allen, calling themselves the "Lakeside Programming Group" sign an agreement with Computer Center Corporation to report bugs in PDP-10 software, in exchange for computer time. Gary Starkweather, at Xerox's research facility in Webster, New York, demonstrates using a laser beam with the xerography process to create a laser printer. In 1967 MacHACK VI became the first program to beat a human (rate 1510) at a competition, at the Massachussets State Championship. In 1968 International Master David Levy made a $3,000 bet that no chess computer would beat him in 10 years. He won his bet. The original bet was with John McCarthy, a distinguished researcher in Artificial Intelligence Processors at 1968 were solded together from a large number of single transistors and a number of small chips containing relatively small amounts of transistors each Shockley Semiconductor (Shockley was one of the inventors of transistor
Pregnancy and a Healthy Diet, 28 Riordan, J. Auerbach, K.G.. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation. Jones and Bartlett Publishers Inc. 1999. Royal Colledge of Midwives. Succsessful Breastfeeding. Churchill Livingstone, London 2002 Scott, J. (2002). Maternal Nutrition and Pregnancy outcome. Nutrition and Dietetics 59:3. Varney, H 1997. Varney's Midwifery. Sudbury, Massachussets: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. 918 lk. Wiles, R. (1998). The views of women of above average weight about appropriate weight gain in pregnancy. Midwifery 14, 254-260. Williamson, C.,S. ( 2006) Nutrition in pregnancy. Nutrition Bulletin, 31, 28-59. Zilmer M., Karelson E:, Vihalemm T. Meditsiiniline biokeemia I, II. Tartu, 2001. 29
dünastiliste sõdade asendumist rahvuslik/riiklike sõdadega. 54 2. USA iseseisvumine Esimene alaline briti koloonia Jamestown rajati 1607 Virginias. 1620 asutasid puritaanid (Pilgrim Fathers) Plymothi koloonia. Kolonialistide hulgas oli üldse palju lahkusulisi (puritaanid, kveekerid jne). Aastaks 1733 oli USA alal 13 briti kolooniat: põhjas Uus- Inglismaa (Connecticut, Massachussets), Kesk-Atlandi (New York, Pennsylvania) ja Lõuna (Virginia, Georgia, Maryland). Lõunas domineeris orjusel põhinev istandusmajandus, keskel farmipõllumajandus, põhjas metsandus, laevaehitus, kaubandus. 1760ndaiks aastaiks elas P-Ameerikas ca 1,6-17 miljonit kolonisti. Kolooniad olid üpriski autonoomsed ja iseteadlikud. Rahulolematus Briti ülemvõimuga Põhja-Ameerika kolooniates süvenes 1760ndatel
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