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The Hundred Years War was a series raids, sieges and naval battles. The Wars of the Roses The Wars of the Roses were a series of civil wars fought in medieval England from 1455 to 1487 between the House of Lancaster and the House of York. The name Wars of the Roses is based on the badges used by the two sides, the red rose for the Lancastrians and the white rose for the Yorkists. Major causes of the conflict include: 1) both houses were direct descendents of king Edward III; 2) the ruling Lancastrian king, Henry VI, surrounded himself with unpopular nobles; 3) the civil unrest of much of the population; 4) the availability of many powerful lords with their own private armies; and 5) the untimely episodes of mental illness by king Henry VI. The Wars of the Roses ended with the killing of Richard (the House of York) by Henry VII. Henry VII married Elizabeth of York. He merged the rival symbols together into a red and white Tudor Rose. Completion of the Domesday Book
Later he became mentally ill. The nobility was discontented, became divided between those who supported Henry's family, the ,,Lancastrians" (Red rose) & thos who supported the family of March, the ,,Yorkists" (White rose). In 1460 the duke of York claimed the throne. After his death in battle his son Edward took up the struggle & won the throne in 1461. Edward IV put Henry VI into the Tower of London, but 9 years later the Lancastrian army rescued Henry & chased Edward out of the country. Edward returner with and army in 1471 & defeated the Lancastrians. Henry VI died in the Tower. Edward's brother Richard of Cloucester was ambitious. After Ed IV's death in 1483 he put his sons, the 12-year-old Ed V and his younger brother, in the Tower & took the crown. He became Richard III. A few months later the 2 princes were murdered. Richard III was not popular. In 1485 Henry Tudor,
Richard II and Henry Bolingbroke He was only 14 when he crushed down the Peasant ´sRevolt. 1387.9 the five lords appeallant appeared- they sought to dictate kings chioces. King refused and his cloest friends were routed. He submitted to the demands. 8 years he worked with his uncle, waiting for revenge. 1397 he arrested three appellants, got his power back. 1398 Henry Bolingbroke was banished for settling a quarrel with Duke of York. Richard confiscated Lancastrian estates that were to become Henry´s. Finally king surrened his crown to him and was sent to imprisoned where he died The War of the Roses 1455-1485 Series of dynastic wars between the House of Lancaster(red rose) and the House of York(white rose) for the English throne. Many battles, huge massacres. Disaster for nobility. It ended with the marriage of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York which united roses into red-white Tudor rose
armies, meant that constant challenges to the position of the monarch were possible. These power struggles came to a head in the Wars of the Roses, in which the nobles were divided into two groups, one supporting the house of Lancaster, whose symbol was a red rose, the other the House of York, whose symbol was a white rose. Three decades of almost continual war ended in 1485, when Henry Tudor (Lancastrian) defeated and killed Richard III (Yorkist) at the Battle of Bosworth Field. Henry Tudor was later crowned King Henry VII of England. 14. Henry VIII. 1491-1547. He is famous for his six wives and his ambitions. He was a natural leader but not really interested in the day-to-day running of government and this encouraged the beginnings of a professional bureaucracy. It was during his reign that the reformation took place
supporters of the Houses of Lancaster (King Henry VI, red rose) and York (Richard, white rose). They were marked by brutality that is practically unknown in the history of English wars before and since. The question was which dynasty should be given royal power. The most obvious effect was the collapse of the Plantagenet dynasty and its replacement with the new Tudor rulers who changed England dramatically over the following years. Henry Tudor was a Lancastrian, but when he became king he married Elizabeth of York, He thus reuniting the two royal houses and bringing peace. *Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodwille Edward IV was the king of England. He was a York and his claim to the crown was very important in the Wars of the Roses. When his father was killed Edward inherited his claim. With the support of his cousin Richard, Edward defeated the Lancastrians and became the king. His cousin believing that he could continue to
Black Death. 16. The Wars of The Roses - a series of dynastic civil wars for the throne of England, fought between supporters of two rival branches of the Royal House of Plantagenet: the houses of Lancaster and York (the "red" and the "white" rose, respectively). They were fought in several spasmodic episodes between 1455 and 1485, although there was related fighting both before and after this period. The final victory went to a relatively remote Lancastrian claimant, Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, who married Elizabeth of York, the daughter of the late Yorkist king Edward IV, to reconcile the two factions and founded the House of Tudor, which subsequently ruled England and Wales for 117 years, until the succession of the Scottish House of Stuart. 17. Tudor Absolutism The Tudor dynasty or House of Tudor was a prominent European royal house of Welsh origin that ruled the Kingdom of England and its realms, including
When the war ended in 1453, England had lost all its possessions beyond the English Channel. 2. They were the House of 'Lancaster (дом, династия Ланкастеров, 1399–1462, a red rose was their symbol), and the House of York (дом, династия Йорков, 1461– 1485, a white rose). See Richard III, a play by W. Shakespeare, and a film produced by Laurence Olivier. 3. Henry VII Tudor (1485–1509), Lancastrian heir to the English crown married to the heiress of the Yorks. His symbol was a red-and-white rose – the Tudor rose. Генрих VII Тюдор. 4. Henry VIII (1509–1547) simply wanted to control the Church and to keep its wealth in his own kingdom. He did not approve of the new ideas of Reformation Protestantism introduced by Martin Luther in Germany and John Calvin in Geneva. He had earlier written a book criticizing Luther’s teaching and the pope had rewarded
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