increases moisture and disease levels • Delay harvesting – conservation of moisture may delay ripening Beneficial effects of weeds • Valuable indicators • Help against erosion • Many weeds are used as herbs for flavouring • Some weeds are used for their medical properties Seed bank • The reservoir of viable seeds found in the soil or at its surface • Depends on the intensivity, soil type, previous cropping, cultivation and herbicide use • 1000 seeds/m2 in pastures or intensively managed arable fields • 80000 seeds/m2 in less intensively managed fields Different ways to deal with weeds • Herbicide • Non-chemical • Integrated weed management • Biological control of weeds Herbicides • ‘’Weedkiller’’ • Pesticides used to kill unwanted plants • Selective herbicides kill specific targets while leaving the desired crop unharmed • Non-selective herbicides kill all plant
Jeanne Mager Stellman, Steven D. Stellman, Richard Christian, Tracy Weber & Carrie Tomasallo. 2003. The extent and patterns of usage of Agent Orange and other herbicides in Vietnam. http://stellman.com/jms/Stellman1537.pdf (5.12.2013) Britannica. Agent Orange http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/8993/Agent-Orange (5.12.2013) Monsanto koduleht http://www.monsanto.com/ (5.12.2013) 8 Andrea Germanos. 2013. Study: Monsanto's Roundup Herbicide Linked to Cancer, Autism, Parkinson's https://www.commondreams.org/headline/2013/04/26-3 (5.12.2013) 9
Pace- kiirus, sammupikkus 383.Pagoda- idamaade tempel, pagoda 384.Parent rock lähtekivim 385.Park- park 386.Path- rada 387.Pathway- jalgrada 388.Patio-siseõu 389.Paved surfaces sillutatud pinnad 390.Pavement sillutis, kõnnitee 391.Paving- sillutis 392.Paving slab- jalgraja paneelid 393.Peat- turvas 394.Perception- taju, märkamine 395.Perennials- püsiktaim 396.Performance tulemuslikkus 397.Perspectives- perspektiivid 398.Pesticide and herbicide run-off pestitsiidide ja herbitsiidide äravool 399.Picturesque accessories-maalilised lisandid 400.Pinetree- mänd 401.Plant disease taimehaigus 402.plant- taim 403.Plant's cycle of growth and decay- taime elutsükkel 404.Plantation- harimine 405.Plaza- turuväljak, plats 406.Pleasure garden- iluaed 407.Plot krunt, maatükk 408.pollution saastatus 409.Pond- tiik 410.Preserve local biodiversity- kohaliku loodusliku mitmekesisuse säilitamine 411
Mosaiiksed on aga teatud mõttes kõik loomad: sugunäärmetes moodustuvad neil haploidsed rakud, maksas ja ka muudes kudedes esineb mõningane hulk polüploidseid 19. GMO organismid 1. Transgeensed kanad: põllumajandus ja tervishoid 2. Maguskartul (pataat)) 3. Kuldne riis (avitaminoos) 4. Tänavavalgustuse puud või veidrused (helenduvad kassid 20. Herbitsiidid. Glüfosaat herbitsiid (ingl. Herbicide)- Kemikaal umbrohtude tõrjeks põllumajanduses. glüfosaat (ingl. Glyphosate)- [N-(fosfonometüül)-glütsiin]. Laia toimespektriga herbitsiid. 8. PPT 1. Vaimsete võimete evolutsioon. Aju. 2. Mälugeenid 3. IQ, Wanderlici ülesanded intelligentsuskoefitsient (IQ) (ingl. Intelligence quotient)- Indiviidi intelligentsuse (arukuse) arvväärtus, mis on saadud spetsiaalse testiga. Wanderlici ülesanded:
soil development / increase humus / organic material; change soil pH; hold more water; release more minerals or nutrients / increase N content or fix N / hold ions; form microhabitat / reduce exposure / provide shelter / reduce erosion; max 3 (c) any two from following: grazing; burning; mowing / application of fertilizer / application of selective herbicide; exposure to wind; grass able to continue to grow (linked to a statement above); 2 (d) increases; plants at later stages are large / plants in early stages are small; trees / shrubs. are woody, appear later in succession; 2 [9] 15. max 1 mark from following: 1 economic definition of sustainable; e.g
than that of the recipient, which is called To date, cultivated GM crops mainly include sensu stricto transgene. However, both terms four plant species: soybean (53%), maize are used nowadays without distinction. GMO (30%), cotton (12%), and canola (5%). The have been developed from the three domains: most common dominant traits introduced are archaea, bacteria, and eukaryote, but only a herbicide tolerance (63%) and insect resis- very few species are commercially approved. tance (15%), with tacked double or triple In Spain, there are 45 maize varieties traits occupying a larger area (22%). approved for cultivation. There are important However, other crops are being developed to genetically modified (GM) microorganisms improve other aspects such as nutritional used for fermenting foods like cheese or value and environmental stress resistance, as
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