Nordic countries, Estonian culture can be seen to build upon the ascetic environmental realities and traditional livelihoods, a heritage of comparatively widespread egalitarianism out of practical reasons (see e.g.: Everyman's right and universal suffrage), and the ideals of closeness to nature and self-sufficiency. Estonian culture developed in earnest during the nineteenth-century period of national awakening. Elements of Estonian peasant culture, such as songs and folktales, were brought together by the country's first cultural elite after 1850. Between 1857 and 1861, Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald compiled and published the Estonian national epic, Kalevipoeg (Son of Kalev), which was based on various folklore themes. Written in verse, the epic tells the story of Kalevipoeg, the mythical ancient ruler of Estonia. Another achievement of this period was the establishment of Estonia's first regularly
KUIDAS VALMISTUDA JUTUSTAMISSEMINARIKS? allikas: Margaret Read MacDonald, The storyteller's start-up book : finding, learning, performing and using folktales, Atlanta : August House, 1993 TÜ rahvaluule osakonnas olemas ja laenutatav Esimene ja väga tähtis samm on õige loo leidmine. Otsi pigem rahvapäraste (rahvapärasemate) juttude hulgast, mitte (väga) kirjanduslikult töödeldud juttude hulgast. Lood peaksid olema suupärased, kui nad seda pole, siis muuda nad endale suupäraseks. Oluline kriteerium jutu valimise juures peaks olema see, et jutt sulle endale meeldib. 1) loe muinasjutt mitu korda läbi, loe ka kõva häälega läbi;
But inspite of all hardships and poverty at the age of fifteen Robert began to write. After his father ´s death the poet had to support his large family. He helped his brothers and sisters all his life even though he never had much money. Unfortunately, Robert Burns was not a successful farmer. The family had to live very poorly indeed. In Edinburgh he came into contact with the literary circles of the Scottish capital. He also toured Scotland and Northern England collecting ballads and folktales. When he was offered money for this work, he refused to take any though he was always short of money. His work was inspired by pure patriotism and love for his people and their poetry. For the last six years of his life he served as a tax collector. Burns died when he was only 37 years old. His early death was due to the fact all his life he had lived in poverty. In his lifetime Burns published several volumes of poetry. He wrote all
introduced a documentary about spaghetti. In these film Italian farm workers picking long strands of spaghetti off trees. Many people were fooled. 9) THE GREATEST POET OF SCOTLAND Robert burns is loved and admired by all Scotsmen as their greatest poet. He was born on January 25, 1759 in a clay-built cottage. He was fortunate in his mother. She had beautiful voice and she often sang the old songs and ballads. In the evenings she used to tell the children one of the popular folktales. He was fortunate in his father too, who was an understanding and friendly and fearless man. His father William was a gardener on a small estate. William's greatest wish was to give his children best education in his power. While they were still young, he began to teach them to read and write. It was from him that Robert received his love of books. When Robert was 6, he and his brother Gilbert went to school at alloway mill. After only a few months the teacher left and school closed
Folklore Fellows 23.5. Rahvusvaheline uurijavõrgustik Folklore Fellows 23.6. Asutajad 1907.a.: Kaarle Krohn (Soome), Axel Orlik (Taani), Carl Wilhelm von Sydow (Rootsi), Moltke Moe (Norra) ja Johannes Bolte (Saksamaa) 23.7. Väljaannete sari FF Communications (=FFC), nt: - Antti Aarne: Finnische Märchenvarianten. FFC No. 5 (1911) - Hans-Jörg Uther: The Types of International Folktales. A Classification and Bibliography I-III. FFC Nos. 284-286 (2004)=ATU Distsipliinide iseseisvumine: 23.8. Teadusharude vaheliste piiride väljajoonistumine; - Rahvaluule/folkloor- folkloristika - Muinasteadus- arheoloogia - Rahvateadus (vrd sks Volkskunde)- etnograafia (etnoloogia) 23.9. Eesti ja võrdleva rahvaluule õppetooli asutamine Tartu Ülikoolis 1919.a
Folklore Fellows 23.5. Rahvusvaheline uurijavõrgustik Folklore Fellows 23.6. Asutajad 1907.a.: Kaarle Krohn (Soome), Axel Orlik (Taani), Carl Wilhelm von Sydow (Rootsi), Moltke Moe (Norra) ja Johannes Bolte (Saksamaa) 23.7. Väljaannete sari FF Communications (=FFC), nt: - Antti Aarne: Finnische Märchenvarianten. FFC No. 5 (1911) - Hans-Jörg Uther: The Types of International Folktales. A Classification and Bibliography I-III. FFC Nos. 284-286 (2004)=ATU Distsipliinide iseseisvumine: 23.8. Teadusharude vaheliste piiride väljajoonistumine; - Rahvaluule/folkloor- folkloristika - Muinasteadus- arheoloogia - Rahvateadus (vrd sks Volkskunde)- etnograafia (etnoloogia) 23.9. Eesti ja võrdleva rahvaluule õppetooli asutamine Tartu Ülikoolis 1919.a
Rahvusvahelised muinasjutu tüübikataloogid Antti Aarne: Verzeichnis der Märchentypen (1910) o Saksa keeles, iga jutu kohta lühike sisukokkuvüte, tabav pealkiri ja number (lühend A) Stith Thompson: The Tyoes if the Folktale. A Classification and Bibliography (1961) o Aarne kataloogi täiendatud ja inglise keelde tõlgitud versioon (lühend AT või AaTh) Hans-Jörg Uther: The Tupes of International Folktales: A Classification and Bibiography I-III (2004) o Aarne-Thompsoni kataloogi täiendatud ja ümbertöötatud versioon kolmes köites (lühend ATU) On olemas tüübikataloogid ja folklorismis vaadatakse muinasjutte nende tüüpide kaudu. Kõik muinasjuttude erinevad tüübid on neisse ka talletatud. Muinasjuttude jaotud ATU kataloogis 1. Loomamuinasjutud (1-299) 2. Imemuinasjutud (300-749) 3
T i l l Eulenspiegel, was always associated with two symbols, an owl and a mirror. H i s name "Eulenspiegel" means " O w l - M i r r o r " and suggests that he is wise as an owl and that he holds u p a mirror to the hypocrisy of society. T h e owl became T i l l s reluctant Ally in the animated film Till EulenspiegeLThe heroes of Westerns are often supported by animal Allies like Roy Rogers' elegant steed Trigger and dog Bullet. ALLIES F R O M BEYOND T H E GRAVE Ancient folktales tell of Allies even among the dead. T h e name for the band "The Grateful Dead" had its origins in a folktale term for the dead who give aid to living people in gratitude for doing something to set their souls at rest, such as paying a debt to give them decent burial. The Helpful Ghost is the title of a romance novel by Sheila Rosalind Allen in which a ghost sorts out romantic matters in an old house. 74
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