DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE WORLD Betti Säre 10b Crime rates around the world Europe is catching up to USA Life in the US has never been safer Less terrorism Less robbery USA, Germany, UK, Asia, Middle East The world has become safer Factors that affect crime levels Difference in legal systems Rates of crime report and police recording Differences in data quality Differences in the point at which a crime is measured Victimization rates for burglary, robbery, assault and threat, one-year period Terrorism Germany (Islamic Jihad- 100 or less) Turkey (PKK- 4000, over 37000 kills since 1978) England (Al- Qa'ida- 1600, 200 secret Al- Qa'ida units, 1600 fanatics) Sri Lanka (LTTE, aka Tamil Tigers- 10 000, " Death is better than caught by the State") j j Total international attacks by region 1997- 2002 Homicide rates The top 3 countries for homicide conviction
Verb Noun/person Noun/action Steal Thief (thieves) Theft Rob Robber Robbery Burgle Burglar Burglary Mug Mugger Mugging Murder Murderer Murder Kidnap Kidnapper Kidnapping Set fire/commit arson Arsonist Arson Shoplift Shoplifter Shoplifting Vandalize Vandal Vandalism Hijack Hijacker Hijacking Deceive/cheat Fraudster Commit fraud
We could count different type of crimes, but most common are smuggling and robberies. Many people like something, what do not belong to them. On the one hand, news are talking about shoplifting, bank robbery and vandalism. The biggest robbery was some years ago, when Estonian criminals robbed jewelleries from all over Europa, worth 25 million euros. On the other hand there are crimes, which are not on the first page of newspaper, for example burglary. People want to have somebody`s things for living better. If somebodys house is looking too good, there is nice-looking car next to house or there are not so many families living in the neighbourhood and burglar can see that there is nobody in the house also, then burglar might notice, that there is a green light for him. People, who are not stealing, but still want to live a easy life with lot of money, are smuggling. They can buy cheap things and sell them with much more money as they
Kutcher admitted that during adolescence, he contemplated committing suicide. At thirteen, he attempted to jump from a Cedar Rapids hospital balcony, with his father intervening in the incident. Kutcher's home life worsened as his parents divorced when he was sixteen. During his senior year, he broke into his high school at midnight with his cousin in an attempt to steal money; he was arrested leaving the scene. Kutcher was convicted of third-degree burglary and sentenced to three years' probation and 180 hours of community service. Kutcher stated that although the experience "straightened him out", he lost his girlfriend and anticipated college scholarships, and he was ostracized at school and in his community. Kutcher enrolled at the University of Iowa in August 1996, where his planned major was biochemical engineering. To earn money for his tuition, Kutcher worked as a college summer
proved otherwise. If a prima facie case is established, a full trial will take place in the Crown Court A judge and a jury of twelve ordinary people The magistrate reaches a verdict Can be appealed o Triable Serious or less serious crimes E.g. burglary, theft In the magistrate or in the Crown court Prosecution - criminal offence -> - sb brings a prosecution o even if this person has no particular interest in this case - prosecutions can be brought by the police o collect evidence o they make a decision to go on with a case or not o gives evidences to prosecutor - a prosecutor needs to be sure if there are enough evidences
There are three types of criminal offence: summary, indictable and triable either way. Summary offences are less serious offences tried without a jury. Indictable offences are the most serious offences, such as murder. In case of an indictable offence a preliminary enquiry is conducted, to determine whether the case is supported by evidence. Offences triable either way are offences which can be committed in a serious or minor way, for example burglary and theft. In this case the magistrates determine the mode of trial according to the seriousness of the offence. Fatal offences, non-fatal offences, property offences There are three types of criminal offence: summary, indictable and offences triable either way. Summary offences are the less serious like motoring offences. They are tried in the Magistrates’ court without a jury. The magistrates will hear the evidence and reach a verdict.
present in the hearing (minor assault, property damage, offensive behaviour) motoring offence (sõiduvahendiga sooritatud kuritegu) - a crime commited which concerns driving excess of jurisdiction (jurisdiktsiooni ületamine) - court's acting beyond the limits of its power indictable offence (kuritegu) - serious crime which is ruled by jury and with enough evidence, wronger will be charged with felony (aggravated burglary, indecent aussalt, murder, arson) to conduct a preliminary enquiry (eeluurimine) - to collect enough evidence to prove the case which then will be commited to trial to discharge the case (juhtumit tühistama) - in case of not enough evidence to prove the case it will not be taken into trial to pass sentence (kohtuotsust väljakuulutama) - to officially say in court of law what a criminal's punishment will be
State the case give reasons Manslaughter mitte kavatsetud, tahtmatu tapmine Arson süütamine To conduct a inquiry juurdlus (uurija) Acquittal õigeksmõistmine Prima facie as the things seem at first Pass a sentence karistust määrama? To assess the facts hindama fakte Appeal against the conviction to the next court level Discharge lükkama tagasi, saadatakse edasi (nemad sellega enam ei tegele) Doppel jepordy ei saa enam samas asjas süüdi mõista Burglary murdvargus Insist tried by jury sul on õigus nõuda vandekohuse poolt õigusmõistmist Indictment [indaidzment] süüdistus, süükspandav. Verdict otsus,mille teeb vandemeeste kogu Tribunals erikohtus; tribunal Arbitration suurem mõiste kui 'tribunals'. Erikohus, aga ei pea olema KOHTULIK vmt.. Adjudication kohtumõistmine Extra-court adjudication kohtuväline kohtumõistmine Limited jurisdiction tegelevad väga kirtsa valdkonnaga mis neile on usaldatud..
the facts WordFormation I t w a sv e r yu n f a i rt h a t P a u w l as dismissed /of his 1ob Fil in the correctwordderivedfromthe word in bold. 22 T h e c r i m i n ahl a s b e e nc h a r g e d forl burglary They'realwayscomPlainingof/ something Although the 0) maiorityof people say that they MAJOR 'for the moneylthe l) financjalreward isn't FINANCE Children are very curious for/ work, t h e w o r l dt h e Yl i v ei n actually the only thing that they think about'
the facts WordFormation I t w a sv e r yu n f a i rt h a t P a u w l as dismissed /of his 1ob Fil in the correctwordderivedfromthe word in bold. 22 T h e c r i m i n ahl a s b e e nc h a r g e d forl burglary They'realwayscomPlainingof/ something Although the 0) maiorityof people say that they MAJOR 'for the moneylthe l) financjalreward isn't FINANCE Children are very curious for/ work, t h e w o r l dt h e Yl i v ei n actually the only thing that they think about'
the facts WordFormation I t w a sv e r yu n f a i rt h a t P a u w l as dismissed /of his 1ob Fil in the correctwordderivedfromthe word in bold. 22 T h e c r i m i n ahl a s b e e nc h a r g e d forl burglary They'realwayscomPlainingof/ something Although the 0) maiorityof people say that they MAJOR 'for the moneylthe l) financjalreward isn't FINANCE Children are very curious for/ work, t h e w o r l dt h e Yl i v ei n actually the only thing that they think about'
the facts WordFormation I t w a sv e r yu n f a i rt h a t P a u w l as dismissed /of his 1ob Fil in the correctwordderivedfromthe word in bold. 22 T h e c r i m i n ahl a s b e e nc h a r g e d forl burglary They'realwayscomPlainingof/ something Although the 0) maiorityof people say that they MAJOR 'for the moneylthe l) financjalreward isn't FINANCE Children are very curious for/ work, t h e w o r l dt h e Yl i v ei n actually the only thing that they think about'
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