5. hagi algatama, kohtusse kaebama – to sue, to bring an action against smb 6. süüdistaja - prosecutor 7. ohver - victim 8. süüdistatav, kaitsealune (krim.) – defendant, the accused 9. väljaspool mõistlikku kahtlust – beyond reasonable doubt 10. süüd tõestama – tp prove the guilt 11. süüs kahtlema – to doubt the guilt 12. vabadusest ilma jätma – to deprive of freedom 13. lubatavad (vastuvõetavad) tõendid – admissible evidence 14. lubamatud tõendid – not admissible evidence 15. leidma kuriteos süüdi olevat – to find guilty of the crime 16. uute reeglite järgi – under the new rules 17. hageja – plaintiff/claimant 18. kostja - defendant 19. kohtuasja väljaspool kohut lahendama – to settle a case out of court 20. tõestamise kohustus lasub – burden of proof lies on 21
a. The decision of Estonian Supreme Court is final decision 12. Appointment (ametisse nimetamine) - an act of assigning a job or position to someone 13. Conflict of interest (huvide konflikt) - a situation in which the concerns or aims of two different parties are incompatible (kokkusobimatu) 14. Collection of evidence (kogutud tõendid) - compilation of proof, confirmation a. Admissible evidence 15. To drop charges (süüdistust tagasi võtma) - no longer officially accuse someone of a crime 16. Overburdened criminal system (ülekoormatud kriminaalsüsteem) - criminal justice system with excessive unsolved caseloads Criminal law Criminal offences o Summary offences – väärtegu Tried without a jury Minor crimes Magistrates court o Indictable offences
Muutub ajaga effektiivsemaks see tähendab, et mitte oluline käitumine lõpuks eemaldatakse. Trial and error ei ole reflektiivne vaid eesmärgipärane. NeoBiheivoristid - loomad õppimisprotsessid, metodoloogiline vs radikal. Positivism - the belief that science should study only those objects or events that can be experienced directly. All speculation about abstract entities should be avoided. Logical positivism - the philosophy of science according to which theoretical concepts are admissible if they are tied to the observable world through operantional definitions. 1. If theory is used, it must be used in ways demanded by logical positivism. 2. All theoretical terms must be operantionally defined. 3. Nonhuman animals should be used as research subjects for two reasons: (a) relevant variables are easier to control. (b) perceptual and learning processes occuring in nonhuman animals differ only in the degree from those processes in humans therefore
15. tunnistajate ütlused witness statements 16. kohtusse kutsuma summon 17. kohtukutse summons, subpoena 18. küsitlus kohtus examination 19. ristküsitlus kohtus cross-examination 20. asitõendid real evidence, physical evidence 21. kaudsed tõendid circumstantial evidence, indirect evidence 22. lubatavad tõendid admissible evidence 23. lubamatud tõendid inadmissible evidence 24. võistlev menetlus adversary / adversarial procedure 25. uuriv menetlus inquisitorial/inquisitional procedure 26. kahjustavaid tõendeid ümber lükkama rebut damaging evidence 27. kohtuvaidlused litigation 28. kohtukulud court costs, costs of an action 29. riigi/tasuta õigusabi legal aid 30
to pay damages (kahjutasu maksma) - sum of money needed to be paid for the loss beneficiary (kasusaaja) - person entiteled to recieve fund or other property under trust, will or insurance policy avoid taxes (makse vältima) - legally finding a way to pay less for dues evidence (tõestusmaterjal) - information drawn from personal testimony, a document, or material object, used to establish facts in a legal investigation or admissible as testimony in law court inherit (pärima) - gain a possession of someone's death to challenge a decision (otsust vaidlustama) - questioning the truth behind someone's decision sequel ideology (ideoloogia järg) - principle of the seperation of goverment institutions and persons mandated to represent the state from religious institutsion criminal code (kriminaalseadustik) - a document which complies all or significant amount of particulal crimnal law
Victim someone or something which has been hurt, damaged or killed or has suffered, either because of the actions of someone or something else, or because of illness or chance; Beyond reasonable doubt If a legal case or a person's guilt is proved beyond reasonable doubt, there is enough proof for the person accused of a crime to be judged guilty; almost completely certain. On the balance of probabilities there are more argument for than against the case in a civil case. Sth is admissible as evidence sth is considered satisfactory and acceptable as a proof To comply with sth to act according to an order, set of rules or request Civil liability when you are legally responsible for something Mistreat sb to manipulate; to deal with ppl in an unjust way Criminal procedure Criminal procedure deals with the set of rules governing the series of proceedings through which the government enforces substantive criminal law.
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