Victoria (Australia) Facts Victoria is named after Queen Victoria from Great Britain. The capital of Victoria is Melbourn Victoria is the smallest mainland state but most densly populated Gold was found in Victoria in 1851 70% of all Victorians live in Melbourn History Victoria was founded in 1803, when British soldiers came to stop French soldiers from settling any new areas. In 1854 there was an armed rebellion but it was held back by British soldiers.(over a thousand died) On 7 February in 2009 Victoria was affected by heavy bushfires, 134 died and the event is known as the "Black Saturday." Religion 67,5% of Victorian people are Christian, 27.5% Catholic and other religions are Islam, Judaism and Buddhism
cheap goods. During the Victorian era, the population grew immensely. At the end of 19th century the population had grown three times bigger in Great Britain! That made wages much lower, because more people were looking for jobs. Many people couldn't afford places to live and had to live on the streets. Slums started appearing in bigger towns. Crime rate was also rising because of this: many homeless children lived by stealing and respectable Victorians started seeing poor people as a threat to society. That is one of the reasons why workhouses were made. Workhouses Workhouses were supposed to solve the problem of poverty, because wealthy people believed that poor people were poor only because they were lazy(actual causes were overpopulation, unemployment and high prices). So in 1834 a law was passed in the Parliament that resulted in building workhouses to accommodate and give jobs to people who couldn't support themselves financially
Malta (tänapäevani suur inglise mõju), Jamaica, Gibraltar, Birma The british empire was the largest empire ever, consisting of over 25% of the world's population and area. It included India, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, Rhodesia, Hong Kong, Gibraltar, several islands in the West Indies and various colonies on the African coast. In 1750 the population of Britain was 4 million. By 1851 it was 21 million. By 1900, Queen Victoria reigned over 410 million people. British Victorians were excited by geographical exploration, by the opening up of Africa and Asia to the West, yet were troubled by the intractable Irish situation and humiliated by the failures of the Boer War. EDUCATION Education in nineteenth-century England was not equal - not between the sexes, and not between the classes. Gentlemen would be educated at home by a governess or tutor until they were old enough to attend Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester, Westminster, Charterhouse, or a
contradictions i.e. double standard: rich/poor, empire/colonies, wealth/exploitation, family/law, personal expression/social criteria, great expectations/failure. Conflict between religious beliefs and science, e.g. Darwin’s theory of evolution, discoveries in geology and biology disprove the Bible. Early Victorians – boundless optimism, mid-‐Victorians – confident but conservative, late Victorians – anti-‐Victorian. Spiritual and religious issues, the woman question, conflict between art and reality and the double standard. Also human psyche and its dark side.
prosperity for the British people, as profits gained from the overseas British Empire, as well as from industrial improvements at home, allowed an educated middle class to develop. Her middle class wiews were called ,,Victorian values". They were discipline in the family, the sobriety and puritanism of the public life. Some scholars extend the beginning of the period--as defined by a variety of sensibilities and political games that have come to be associated with the Victorians--back five years to the passage of the Reform Act 1832. Calls for reform had been mooted long before 1832, but perennially without success. The Act which finally succeeded was proposed by the Whigs led by the Prime Minister Lord Grey. It met with significant opposition from the Tories, especially in the House of Lords. Nevertheless, as a result of public pressure, the bill was eventually passed. The Act granted seats in the House of Commons to large cities that had sprung up during the
overseas. British expansion pushed forward at an unprecedented rate a new era of cultural exchange(that altered the British worldview). Representatives: Rudyard Kipling, Richard Francis Burton(The Perfumed Garden, The Arabian Nights, Kama Sutra) · Other themes and genres of Victorian literature and their representatives(children's literature, psychological novel, fantasy). Children's literature before there was no literature for children, the Victorians "invented childhood"(children started to read), stopping child labour + introduction of compulsory education, literature for young peoplegrowth industry, dedicated children's authors, novelist producing works for children Dickens A Child's History of England. Writers_ Lewis Carroll, R.M. Ballantyne, Anna Sewell. Supernatural and fantastic literature a new form of supernatural, mystery and fantastic literature
city and its high-rise buildings are the centre for much of Australian business. Sydney is also an international city. Sydney Opera House (SOH) was opened in 1973 for music, theatre and dance. The roof of this beautiful building looks like sails on Sydney Harbour. Sydney has one of the longest bridges in the world called the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Victoria is the smallest mainland state in area but the most populated. Melbourne is Victoria's capital, with more than 70% of all Victorians living there. Melbourne is the second biggest city. It was the capital of Australia from 1901 to 1927. It has wide streets, lovely old buildings and large parks. Melbourne is famous for its theatres and pubs. Melbourne is very important for sports. Each year in September the Australian football finals are held there. Queensland is Australia's second largest state. It is 25% of Australia's landmass. Queensland is known as Australia's sunshine state. Its capital is Brisbane
acy during his lifetime, and in 1623 two of his former theatrical colleagues published the First Folio, a collected edition of his dramatic works that included all but two of the plays now re- cognised as Shakespeare's. Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his reputation did not rise to its present heights until the nineteenth century. The Ro- mantics, in particular, acclaimed Shakespeare's genius, and the Victorians hero-worshipped Shakespeare with a reverence that George Bernard Shaw called "bardolatry". In the twentieth century, his work was repeatedly adopted and rediscovered by 2 new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays re- main highly popular today and are consistently performed and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world. Source: Wikipedia
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