I part indrustrial towns & unemploiment He lives in Brookers lodging-house Miners work is hard: "Travel" through a tunnel - ~1m high, many km long Dig on their knees lot of dust, no air 7,5 hours of work underground Miners have nowhere to wash themselves The Plot Houses in indrustrial downs are in bad shape Mass uneployment & poverty no chance of getting work II part Orwells life and socialism Higher class rejects lower class Middle-class socialists speak against their own class Socialism isn't what it used to be Socialism communism Quotations · "I am not a manual labourer and please God I shall never be one, but there are some kinds of manual work that I could do if I had to. At a pinch I could be a tolerable road- sweeper or an inefficient gardener or even a tenth-rate farm hand. But by no conceivable amount of effort or training could I become a coal-miner; the work would kill me in a few weeks. " · "
After 1936, his official title was "His Excellency Benito Mussolini, Head of Government, Duce of Fascism, and Founder of the Empire". Mussolini was born into a working class background; his father Alessandro Mussolini was a blacksmith and a Marxist activist, while his mother Rosa was a school teacher; unlike her husband, she was a devout Catholic. His father named Benito after Mexican reformist President Benito Juárez; while his middle names Andrea and Amilcare were from Italian socialists Andrea Costa and Amilcare Cipriani. Benito was the eldest of his parents' three children. As a young boy, Mussolini would spend time helping his father in his blacksmithing it was likely here that he was exposed to his father's significant political beliefs. The conflict between his parents about religion meant that, unlike most Italians, Mussolini was not baptised at birth and would not be until much later in life.
chance of getting work. A family gets about twenty-five to thirty shillings per week, which fifteen shillings go for food, including fuel for cooking. The second part of the book Orwell talks about his principles and the idea of socialism. He talks about how different classes in England get along with one another. It is more than natural that the higher classes reject the lower classes. He was taught the same principles when he was just a child. He comments upon how middle-class communists and socialists often speak against their own class. He talks about his experience as an agent in Burma, where his life was changed. In summary Orwell says that socialism is a nearly impossible thing. MY OPINION This year I knew that I wanted to read G.Orwell for the Home reading book. When I was in the library I first took the book ,,1984". I had started to read it I found out that it had been translated into Estonian and it had been made into a movie. I knew that the
palkade väärtust, kuid ka tööjõu loodud kogu produkti väärtust. (Labor theory of value, 2015) Ricardo teooria oli kaasaegse teooria eelkäija, mille kohaselt tasakaalu hinnad on määratud ainult tootmise kuludega. „Ricardo sotsialistid” – Charles Hall, Thomas Hodgskin, John Gray ja John Francis Bray ja Percy Ravenstone – rakendasid Ricardo teooria arendamaks ekspluateerimist tuginedes erinevusele tööjõu palkade ja produkti väärtuse vahel. (Utopians and Socialists, 2014) Marx laiendas neid ideid, väites, et töötajate iga päeva töö osa lisab väärtust, mida on vaja, et katta oma palka, samal ajal kui nende ülejäänud töö tehakse kapitalismi rikastamiseks. Marx toetus majanduslikul mõtlemisel tööväärtusteooriale ja sellele lisatud ekspluateerimise teooriale. (Labor theory of value, 2015) 19. sajandi ameerika individualist anarhistid rajasid oma majanduse tuginedes tööväärtusteooriale
What was it’s initial role? 1979; Consultative 17. Which legislative procedure gives the European Parliament equal powers of co-legislator with the Council? Co-decision or Ordinary legislative procedure 18. What/who do the three main institutions of the EU represent? EP (the citizens of the EU) / Council (the member states of the EU) / Commission (the interests of the EU) 19. Mention the three largest/oldest party groups - European People’s Party (EPP) / Socialists & Democrats / Party of European Socialists (PES) / Liberal-democrats (ALDE) 20. Who are the current presidents of the European Parliament, European Commission, and European Council? Tajani (EP), Juncker (Commission), Tusk (Council) 21. What is the name of the Diplomatic Service of the EU and who chairs it? European External Action Service (EEAS), chaired by the EU High representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy 22
- 1992 Maastrichti ja 1997 Amsterdami leping muutsid EP seadusandlikuks parlamendiks - Õigus anda seadusandlikke akte - Rahandusalased volitused - Järelvalve täidesaata võimu üle - On president, juhatus ja esimeeste konverents, komisjonid, fraktsioonid ja delegatsioonid - 751 liiget, 750 max + president Party groups - Group of the European People’s Party (Christian Democrats) - Group of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats in the European Parliament - Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe - Group of the greens/european free Alliance - European conservatives and reformists group - Confederal group of the european united left – nordic green left - Eruope of freedm and direct democracy group - Europe of nations and freedom European Comission - EL täitevorgan (rakendab seadusi ja viib ellu poliitikat), sai täidesaatva võimu
The moderate ideologists relied on liberal reforms and legal, non-violent means of political struggle. They were afraid to suggest direct resistance to Russian authorities that could result in mass repression and destroy the Estonian people. In opposition to the moderates, the Tallinn newspaper Teataja (19011905), its publisher Konstantin Päts and the lawyer Jaan Teemant, attracted a radical wing of people connected with socialists. The radicals were prepared to resort to revolutionary actions in order to achieve a democratic state; they also demanded an extensive reduction of the land possessed by the manor houses. Estonian socialists were divided into social-democratic-centralists and social-democratic- federalists. The first belonged to the local, strictly conspiratorial organisations of the illegal Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party (founded in 1898) headed by Mikhail Kalinin and Friedrich Leberecht
• Sir Edward F. West, 1782-1828. Klassikaline koolkond ehk “rikardistid” (The Classical School ("Ricardians")) • David Ricardo, 1772- 1823. • James Mill, 1773-1836. • John Ramsay McCulloch, 1789-1864 • Thomas de Quincey, 1785-1859 • Harriet Martineau, 1802-1876 • Nassau William Senior, 1790-1864. • John Stuart Mill, 1806-1873. • Harriet Taylor, image 1, image 2 • The Manchester School • Karl Marx, 1803-1883. Rikardistlikud sotsialistid (The Ricardian Socialists) • Charles Hall, 1745-1825. • Thomas Hodgskin, 1787-1869. • John Gray, 1799-1850. • John Francis Bray, 1809-1895. Kontinentaalsed (Euroopa) klassikud (Continental Classicals) • Count Antoine-Louis-Claude Destutt de Tracy, 1754-1836. • Jean-Baptiste Say, 1767-1832. • Jean-Claude-Leonard Simonde de Sismondi, 1773- 1842. • The French Liberal School • Karl Heinrich Rau, 1792-1870. o Textbook on Political Economy , 3 volumes, 1826-37
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