VTH (00 C ) VTH (400 C ) 2.66V 1.33V 1.33V b. Calculate the gain and the offset needed to scale the output of the sensor circuit to the ADC. The required scaling range is 11V 1V 10V 10V The needed gain is 7.52 1.33V The maximum output without offset is VTH (00 C ) 2.66V *7.52 20V The needed offset is 20V 11V 9V c. Design the resistances, R2 , R3 , and R4 for this circuit. R4 R4 V R 1 7.52 , and REF 12V 4 9 R3 R2 R2 9 Choose R2 8k , then R4 6k , and R3 1.04k 8*12
range is from 20 Hz (cycles per second) to 20 kHz (20,000 Hz), the PWM for the DC motor is used the frequency about 25-30 kHz (avoid noises/discomfort to human). Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of PWM systems: First advantage: This system can reach a very high efficiency without wasted heating loss. Second advantage: This always reaches the full supply voltage, then will produce full opening torque and can overcome easily the internal motor resistances, friction and loads. Third advantage: The PWM circuit is small, cheap, can be used to control a wide range of loads. It doesn’t need expensive variable electronic devices. Main disadvantage: PWM circuit is more complicated with high level of complexity. Second disadvantage: PWM causes vibration frequencies and interferes to other radio signals, to other electronic devices as well as to the human comfort.
Thus, the contemporary meaning of "Métis" typically includes people of both French- and English-speaking heritage. 5. In which of the present provinces did the "classic" Métis culture develop? Who was the most famous leader of the Métis? The "classic" Métis culture emerged near present-day Winnipeg, Manitoba. The most famous Métis leader Louis Riel was the founder of Manitoba and also a central figure in the Red River and North-West resistances. Riel led two popular Métis governments, was central in bringing Manitoba into Confederation, and was executed for high treason for his role in the 1885 resistance to Canadian encroachment on Métis lands. Riel was initially dismissed as a rebel by Canadian historians, although many now sympathize with Riel as a Métis leader who fought to protect his people from the Canadian government. 6. What is the origin of the Inuit people? What other name has been used for them?
the sensor circuit board. The sensor signal back to the microprocessor board is a single wire, and there is a single ground wire between the sensor circuit board and the microprocessor circuit. If the sensor circuit draws any signifi- cant current, there will be a DC offset between the microprocessor board and the sensor circuit. This will cause an offset to the thermistor signal, affecting the temperature measurement. Figure 8.3 shows the same circuit, but with resistances in all the lines. These resistors represent the sum of the wire resistance and contact resistance in the connectors. Say that the total resistance in the ground wire is 1 ohm. If the sensor circuit draws 50 ma, then the drop across the ground wire is 50 ma ¥ 1 ohm, or 50 mv. The result of this is that the thermistor signal, which is 250 mv at the sensor board, becomes 300 mv at the microprocessor board—an error of 5°C. If the
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