Literature · British literature begun in oral - by minstrels (laulik/poeet) · songs and poems of heroes · highest human qualities =bravery, honour, and loyalty to one's lord · Venerable Bede (673-735) - "the father of English history" - Ecclesiastical History of the English People 731 - in Latin · Venerable - auväärt, kõrge auline · Ecclesiastical -kiriklik, aulik Beowulf · the earliest English story-poem, pagan · about 700 by an unknown minstrel · an epic - a long narrative poem in splendid/majestic language about the achievements of a hero, often a national hero who embodies national ideas · 3182 = 80 or 90 pages in book lenght · two parts: 1st - Beowulf's battle with Grendel and Grendel's mother, 2nd - aged Beowulf's victory over a dragon, death and funeral Background of Beowulf: · primitive and harsh environment · great importance · wars - life brief, fate ruled over human beings
Henry II. The Anglo-Norman authority outside the protected colony, The pale, was non- existent. Henry II reached an agreement with the Irish and they signed the Treaty of Windsor. By this Treaty Rory O'Connor became the monarch of all the unconquered areas of Ireland and in return he recognised King Henry II as his overlord and was due to pay him an annual tribute. A period of eight centuries of foreign oppression had began for the Irish. *Richard I and Minstrel Blondel There is a legend that when King Richard the Lionheart disappeared his favourite trobadure Blondel the Minstrel went to search for him. As a wandering minstrel Blondel travelled for months over central Europe, seeking for news of his friend. At last one day, while singing one of Richard's favorite songs near the walls of the castle where the king was held, Blondel heard the song repeated from a window. Blondel the Minstrel recognized the voice of King Richard
saint overnight The Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland, the Pale In 1170 the deposed king of Leinster asked help from Marcher Lord Earl of Pembroke, who led the invasion in Ireland, helped the kign to get his trhone back In 1171 Henry II himself went to Ireland, where he was greeted as protector, actually it was invasion of Ireland The Pale was the area around Dublin directly subjected to the English crown Richard I and Minstrel Blondel The Lionheart was the king of England, duke of Aquitane Sultan Saladin captured jerusalem, Richard went on The Third Crusade with Philip from France and Friedrich barbarossa to free Christ´s stomb from moslems After shipwreck, Richard was captured by Duke of Austria and was held as a hostage for a year Troubadour Minstrel Blondel singing Richard´s songs, locvated his whereabout and Richard was released for ransoms
ja nende vastasus, armastus eriliste, aga sõltumatute isiksuste vastu. 17) Ameerika teatri areng Ameerika teater on suht noor, arvestatav näitekirjandus sündis alles 20. sajandi alguses. Midagi märkimisväärset enne seda ei olnud. Esimene kutseline näitetrupp sündis 18. sajandi keskpaigas. 19. sajandi keskpaigaks oli teatrielu elavnenud, polpulaarsed olid jõelaev-teatrid. Esimene professionaalne näitekirjanik Bronson Howard (1842 1908). 19. sajandi alguses olid menukad minstrel show'd tahmatud nägudega inimesed esitasid neegrite laule. Veel esitati burleske labased, naerutavad. Sajandi lõpuks said populaarseks vodevillid viisakama maitsega kui eelmised. Need vormid taganesid kino ja raadio mõju ees. Neid teatrivorme iseloomustas kolmevaatuslik vaba ülesehitus, nende järglastena võib näha revüüd ja läbikomponeeritud muusikali. Eksisteeris ka tõsisem teater, see mugandas melodraamasid ja menuromaane Inglismaalt ja Prantsusmaalt
kultuurinähtuse uus taaskohanemine euroopalike kultuuritraditsioonidega, mida nüüd oleks õige käsitleda Pekka Jalkaneni pakutud kultuurileviku ehk “eriliselt valiva akulturatsioonina”. 2.2.3. Euroopa seosed nn rahvastikukatlaga New Orleansis. Džässi Euroopasse jõudmine Et paremini mõista seda atmosfääri, oleks siin kohane väike kõrvalepõige, kuidas džäss üldse Euroopasse jõudis. Kuigi esimeste Uue Maailma muusikasaadikutena käisid Euroopas 19. sajandi II poolel mitmed minstrel show 25 grupid ja 1873 tegi oma esimese ülieduka 20 Ernest-Alexandre Ansermet “Bechet and Jazz Visit Europe”, 1919 ajakirjas Revue Romande. 21 Raamatu ilmumisaastaks annab Berendt 1929., Kernfeld 1932. aasta. 22 Alates 1935 Jazz Hot. 23 Hughes Panassié (1912–1974), esimesi tunnustatud džässikriitikuid, Hot Club of France asutaja ja president. 24 Enimtsiteeritud väide selles kontekstis kuulub Barry Ulanovile: “Kesk-Euroopa mustlaste viiuldamises
annaabi.ee 
