Homework 1 in Microcontrollers and practical robotics 1) a) 0 123.456 - 64 = 59.456 1 59.456 - 32 = 27.456 1 27.456 - 16 = 11.456 1 11.456 - 8 = 3.456 1 3.456 - 4 = 0 3.456 - 2 = 1.456 1 1 0.456 * 2 = 0.912 0 0.912 * 2 = 1.824 1 0.824 * 2 = 1.642 1 0.642 * 2 = 1.284 1 0.284 * 2 = 0.568 0 0.568 * 2 = 1.136 1 0.136 * 2 = 0.272 0 0,544 * 2 = 0,544 0 b)1111011.01110100 to hex 0111 => 7 1011 => 11 0111 => 7 0100 => 4 and so on.. answer is: 7B.74 c) 123.456 to base-5 100 = 400 20 = 40 3=3 400 + 40 + 3 = 443 5^-1 = 0,2 5^-2 = 0,04 5^-3 = 0,008 0,456/0,2 = 2 0,056/0,04 = 1,4 0,4/0,2 = 2 Final answer 443.212 d) 1 = 0001 2 = 0010 3 = 0011 4 = 0100 5 = 0101 6 = 0110 0001 0010 0011.0100 0101 0110 2) a) 16bit equivalent is a) 0000000001101011 the answer is 006B 1011 is in dec 11 and in hex B 0110 is in dec 6 an...
Microcontroller homework Week 05 Question 1. Treshold, sensitivity, range, linearity, accuracy, precision, stability, hysteresis, noise Question 2. Assuming Rh= 9kΩ Vo=0.381V Question 3. A) RS=100 Ω B) RS=212,464 Ω Question 4. A) B) R1 = 16,67 kΩ C) D) E) RF = 10k, RL = 282k, RH = 107k F) Without scaling: 2.35 steps/°C. With scaling: 3.42 steps/°C
Midterm Exam Microcontrollers and Practical Robotics Question 1 Convert the decimal number 43.982 to (a) binary and (b) hex. Show all your calculations. a.) 101011.111110 b.) 2B.FB6 Question 2 Perform the calculation of 58 – 42 by first converting each decimal value to binary and then using the twos complement method. Show all your calculations 5810=001110102 4210=001010102 Converse to twos complement 4210=001010102=110101012+1=110101102 Then 58+(42) 001110102 +110101102 = 000100002 =1610 Question 3 Given the following bridge circuit for a strain gauge, determine the value of the strain gauge resistance {RS}. Let: VIN = 5V R3 = 100 Ω R2 = 50 Ω R1 = 100 Ω 2 Midterm Exam - Solutions a) Under no strain (VOUT = 0 V) b) When VOUT = 0,5 V {under strain}. Solution: a) Under no strain: R1 R3 R1R4 R2 R3 VOUT ...
Gain error, offset error, resolution, monotonicity, accuracy Question 15 For the following 3-Bit DAC, analyse the circuit to verify its operation for the following input combinations. (Assume VR=5V). a) S2S1S0=0102 1,25 b) S2S1S0=1012 3,125 c) S2S1S0=0112 1,875 Question 16 1. Draw the motor current and the motor voltage characteristic during the operation with a constant PWM signal of 50% duty cycle. 2. Recommend the suitable range of frequency for this PWM applied in microcontrollers. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of PWM systems. The frequency should be about 30kHz, voltage 5V. The advantages of PWM systems: 1) Very high efficiency (not much heat produced) 2) Relatively cheap 3) Makes the motor run better The disadvantages of PWM systems: 1) PWM circuits are complicated 2) Sensitive to electromagnetics and could interfere with radio signals, cause vibration frequencies, which causes noise.
875 V Question 16 Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) is a commonly used technique for controlling power to inertial electrical devices and DC motors. The PWM switching frequency has to be much faster than what would affect the load on DC motors. 1. Draw the motor current and the motor voltage characteristic during the operation with a constant PWM signal of 50% duty cycle. 2. Recommend the suitable range of frequency for this PWM applied in microcontrollers. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of PWM systems. The frequency should be about 30kHz, voltage 5V. The advantages of PWM systems: Very high efficiency (not much heat produced) Relatively cheap Makes the motor run smoother The disadvantages of PWM systems: PWM circuits are complicated Sensitive to electromagnetics and could interfere with radio signals, cause vibration frequencies, which cause noises.
Avoiding Excess Speed 7 Other System Considerations 8 Sample Rate and Aliasing 11 2 Digital-to-Analog Converters 13 Analog-to-Digital Converters 15 Types of ADCs 17 Sample and Hold 26 Real Parts 29 Microprocessor Interfacing 30 Serial Interfaces 36 Multichannel ADCs 41 Internal Microcontroller ADCs 41 Codecs 42 Interrupt Rate 43 Dual-Function Pins on Microcontrollers 43 Design Checklist 45 v 3 Sensors 47 Temperature Sensors 47 Optical Sensors 59 CCDs 72 Magnetic Sensors 82 Motion/Acceleration Sensors 86 Strain Gauge 90 4 Time-Based Measurements 93 Measuring Period versus Frequency 95 Mixing 97 Voltage-to-Frequency Converters 99
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