Czech Interior Ministry, with the largest groups being Ukrainian (132,481), Slovak (75,210), Vietnamese (61,102), Russian (29,976), Polish (19,790), German (14,156), Moldovan (10,315), Bulgarian (6,346), Mongolian (5,924), American (5,803), Chinese (5,314), British (4,461), Belarusian (4,441), Serbian (4,098), Romanian (4,021), Kazakh (3,896), Austrian (3,114), Italian (2,580), Dutch (2,553), French (2,356), Croatian (2,351), Bosnian (2,240), Armenian (2,021), Uzbek (1,969), Macedonian (1,787) and Japanese (1,581). The Jewish population of Bohemia and Moravia, 118,000 according to the 1930 census, was virtually annihilated by the Nazis during the Holocaust.There were approximately 4,000 Jews in the Czech Republic in 2005. The Czech prime minister, Jan Fischer, is of Jewish origin and faith. The fertility rate is a low 1.50 children per woman. Immigration increased the population by almost 1% in 2007. About 77,000 new foreigners settle down in the Czech Republic every year
). A lover of books is usually referred to as a bibliophile, or, more informally, a bookworm. A store where books are bought and sold is a bookstore or bookshop. Books can also be borrowed from libraries. In 2010, Google estimated that there were approximately 130 million unique books in the world. Etymology The word book comes from Old English "bc" which itself comes from the Germanic root "*bk-", cognate to beech. Similarly, in Slavic languages (e.g. Russian, Bulgarian and Macedonian) "" (bukva--"letter") is cognate to "beech". It is thus conjectured that the earliest Indo-European writings may have been carved on beech wood. Similarly, the Latin word codex, meaning a book in the modern sense (bound and with separate leaves), originally meant "block of wood". History of books Antiquity Sumerian language cuneiform script clay tablet, 24002200 BC
The Northern Russian dialects and those spoken along the Volga River typically pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly, a phenomenon called okanye (). Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /ei/ in the place of Proto-Slavic * and /ou/ in stressed closed syllables (as in Ukrainian) instead of Standard Russian /e/ and /o/. An interesting morphological feature is a post-posed definite article -to, -ta, -te similarly to that existing in Bulgarian and Macedonian. In the Southern Russian dialects, instances of unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable are not reduced to [] (as occurs in the Moscow dialect), being instead pronounced [a] in such positions (e.g. is pronounced [nasli], not [nsli]) this is called yakanye (). Consonants include a fricative //, a semivowel /wu/ and /xxvxw/, whereas the Standard and Northern dialects have the consonants //, /v/, and final /l/ and /f/, respectively
Austria el Austria (f) Latvian letón/ona Austrian austríaco/a Lithuania Lituania Belgium la Bélgica Lithuanian lituano/a Belgian belga Luxembourg Luxemburgo Bolivia la Bolivia Luxembourger luxemburgués/esa Bolivian boliviano(a) Macedonia Macedonia Bosnia la Bosnia Macedonian macedonio/a Bosnian bosnio/a Malta Malta Brazil el Brasil Maltese maltés/esa Brazilian brasileño/a Mexico México Bulgaria la Bulgaria Mexican mexicano/a Bulgarian búlgaro/a Netherlands los Países Bajos Canada Canadá Dutch holandés/esa
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