1800s. By the end of 1850s, money was being raised collectivley in order to build a larger and more durable church for the use of Estonians. The construction lasted from October 1862 to December 1870, the two towers on the west side were enlarged in 1882. The architect of the project was Otto Pius Hippius from St.Petersburg. Along with the reconstruction of Tallinn’s largest place of worship, the Charles congregation was re-established as well. This time the church was built of hewn limestone blocks, in the historical neo- Roman style, on the basic plan on a Latin cross. The inside of the church is exceptionally large and open, the ceiling being supported by a special arch supporting system and the sides characterized with arched windows. The benches inside can fit a total of 1500 people. When the first service was held there, exactly 200 years after the consecration of the first wooden church, the reconstruction was not completely finished –
his queens, they had their very own pyramids built for them. The name is thought to have come from early Arab explorers who recognised the familiar gabled ceilings that are common to female burial chambers.The chamber is lined with fine limestone blocks. Its eastern wall has a large angular doorway or niche. The true purpose of the chamber remains uncertain. Unfinished chamber The "unfinished chamber" lies 27.5 meters below ground level and is rough-hewn, lacking the precision of the other chambers. Egyptologists suggest the chamber was intended to be the original burial chamber, but that King Khufu later changed his mind and wanted it to be higher up in the pyramid. Egyptologist Bob Brier believes it was an insurance policy in case Khufu died early. Sometime around the fifteenth year this chamber was also abandoned unfinished and King's Chamber was built high up in the center of the pyramid.
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It got its name from the fact that it was indeed the stoutest tower in the city wall. Through history, the cannon tower has also served as a storehouse for gunpowder and weapons, and as a prison. Fat Margaret now houses the Estonian Maritime Museum. The viewing platform on the roof affords a lovely view onto the Old Town and the bay. The Down Hall Tallinn's original Town Hall was established sometime in the 13th Century, and was replaced by the current Gothic monument, hewn from limestone, in 1402-1404. The Hall served its function as the home of the city administration for an incredible 700 years, right up until 1970. It remains an incredible building inside and out. From within, admire vaulted roofs and brightly decorated colonnades, from outside marvel at the slender tower, topped with Renaissance spire (added in 1627), reaching 64m towards the ether. Incidentally, the moustachioed weather vane on top is the symbolic guardian of the city - Vana Toomas!
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estate plot. The oldest grave marker in the church dates back to 1309. The church was probably originally built of stone, since it performed a defensive function besides that of a place of worship the Tallinn town wall had not yet been built. This explains the thickness of the church walls, which reaches three metres in some places. The building, initially planned as one-nave, was completed at the end of the 13 th century at the latest as a three- nave basilica. The hewn portals of the church also belong to the same early period. The church was relieved of the defensive functions by the middle of the 14 th century as the town wall was completed and the smaller annexes like the St.Barbara, St.Matthew and St.George chapels, was started. The 15 th century was as time of major reconstruction with the building of the tower becoming especially interesting. The Tallinn of that period
The superstructure of this bridge has been rebuilt for centuries (the central three arches every 18- 22 years, and the side spans every 36 years), maintaining the fine craft tradition of the bridge keepers for centuries (Figure 4). Shogun's Bridge (1638), crossing the Daiya-gawa River in the sacred City of Nikko, is the oldest known cantilever. The bridge was badly damaged in the typhoon of 1902, rebuilt, and exists today bearing foot traffic. It consists of hewn stone piers pierced with rectangular holes that permit the insertion of tightly fitting cut-stone struts, two anchor spans, timber beams jutting out in cantilever form, and a suspended span. Figure 3 Bridge of Khaju (1667), Isfahan (Iran), Figure 4 Kintaiko (1673), Iwakuni (Japan), with its five combining architecture and engineering in splendid wooden arches intricately wedged, slotted, and
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