11 of its EU partners, began circulating the euro currency on 1 January 2002. The country continues to be one of the leading European nations for attracting foreign direct investment. Economic growth slowed considerably in 2001-02, as part of the global economic slowdown, but for the four years before that, annual growth averaged nearly 4%, well above the EU average. (3) 1.4 Population The great majority of inhabitants of the Netherlands are Dutch. They are mainly descended from Franks, Frisians, and Saxons. Most residents of Friesland Province are Frisian, a distinct cultural group with its own language. Fearing overpopulation, the government encouraged Dutch emigration after World War II (1939-1945), and some 500,000 people left. But an even larger number of people entered the Netherlands--Europeans and Asians from the former Netherlands Indies dependency (now part of Indonesia); industrial workers from Turkey,
THE ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD English literature came when the Angles, the Saxons, the Jutes and the Frisians invaded Britain. During this time English was called Anglo- Saxon or Old English. In the chronicles of Roman history (composed in Latin) is said that Britain makes its first appearance in written language when Romans invade the England. BEOWULF most important poem, surviving in a 10th-cent manuscript. The historical period of the poem's events can be dated in the 6th to 8th century. Much of the material of
The Saxons were a confederation of Old Germanic tribes. Their modern-day descendants are generally considered ethnic Germans, Dutch or English.. Saxons participated in the Germanic settlement of Britain during and after the 5th century The Jutes were a Germanic people who were one of the three most powerful Germanic peoples of their time. They are believed to have originated from Jutland in modern Denmark. Were associated with the Saxons. The Jutes, along with some Angles, Saxons and Frisians, sailed across the North Sea to raid and eventually invade Great Britain from the late 4th century onwards, either displacing, absorbing, or destroying the native Celtic peoples there. 6. The Anglo-Saxon invasion Germanic invasions 410-1066 5th cent. A-S soon had the s-east of the country in their grasp. A-S were pagan when they came to br. A-S had little use for towns and cities but had great effect on the countryside, where thay introduced
Raiders, Celts living in Ireland/Hibernia Migrated to Scotland Raided Roman Britain After Kenneth McAlpin united Scotland all inhabitants became Scots The Venerable Bede A monk in the Northumbrian monastery of Jarrow In 731 ,,The Great Ecclesiastical History of the English People"- overshaows all other sources of 7th, early 8th C Well-founded scraps of tradition, first work of history, where AD system is used Angles, Saxons, Jutes. Frisians 430´s onwards, Germans settlers arrived in large numbers. Anglo-Saxon invasions in 499 The Saxons- Saxon country to South and West The Angles- Angulus to East Anglia, Jutes in Kent Same culture as southern Scandinavia, Germany, northern France 600 they had founded their 7 kingdoms The Anglo-Saxon kingdoms Kent-JUtes, Essex, Sussex, Vessex- Saxons East Anglia, Mercia, Nothumbria- Angles Series of over-kings from various kingdoms
at that time. He is remembered mainly for his "Ecclesiastical History of the English People." This five volume work records events in Britain from the raids by Julius Caesar to the arrival of the first missionary from Rome. Bede's writings are considered the best summary of this period of history ever prepared. Some have called it "the finest historical work of the early Middle Ages." *The coming ofe the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Frisians to Britain Very little is known about the first several hundred years of the Anglo-Saxon era, primarily because the invaders were an illiterate people. It is known that they established separate kingdoms: the Saxons settled in the South and West, the Angles in the East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbria and the Jutes in Kent. They probably thought of themselves as separate peoples, but they shared a common language and similar customs.
Anglia, Mercia and Northumbia), the Saxons occupied most of the south (but most of the Saxons ‘stayed at home’, in Germany. See: Saxony, Lower Saxony and Saxony- Anhalt in a map of Germany), and Kent was settled by the Jutes. The Anglo-Saxon and Jutish settlers came from northern Germany and present-day Denmark (Jutland). The word ‘Anglo-Saxon’ is used to describe all the newcomers (Angles англы, Saxons саксы, саксонцы, Jutes юты, Frisians фризы), their language (Anglo-Saxon = Old English) and a period in British history (about 450-1066). 2. In folklore and myth King Arthur is a great English hero, and he and his Knights of the Round Table are regarded as the perfect example of medieval nobility and chivalry. In fact, he lived long before medieval times and was a Romanized Celt trying to hold back the advances of the Anglo-Saxons – the very people who became ‘the English’
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