The Scots · they are said to " dance only to their own music" · Scots have given the world golf, tartan, bagpipes, the gas lantern, the bike, the telephone, the TV, penicillin ... · They are very hospitable · Fond of football and pubs Clan system · In the 12th c. Highland society was divided into tribal groups led by autocratic chiefs · All clans had their motto and their own territory The Kilt · Each family or clan had its tartan that was used to make the kilt · After the Battle of Culloden wearing of tartan was prohibited for nearly 100 years · The kilt is made from about 7m of material · Most popular types are the Black Watch tartan and the Royal Stuart Kilts · You can take the Scot out of Scotland but never Scotland out of Scot SCOTTISH FOOD AND DRINK Haggis Scotch whisky CASTLES IN SCOTLAND Scone Palace · Ancient crowning venue of Scottish kings and queens · At Scone, sitting on a stone the king archived a mystical union with the past and with the earth.
Cromwell dies the parliament firmly established Charles I son is crowned Charles II The House of Hanover 18th19th c. George I from Hanover becomes the king of England the country is run by Sir Robert Walpole ( Britain's first PM, first to live at 10 Downing Street ) 1715&1719 Scottish Jacobite Rebellions ( to restore the rule of the Stuarts in Scotland ) leaders : James Stuart ( the old Pretender ) and his son Charles ( the young Pretender / Bonnie Prince Charlie ) 1746 The Battle of Culloden ( lasted for 40 min. ) Charles and the Highlanders against the English army > the Scots lost their independence Great Figures Duke of Wellington finished the wars on land against Napoleon battle of Waterloo 1815 Admiral Nelson defeated the French in the battle of Trafalgar 1805 on the sea the flag ship called 'Victory' famous quote: 'every man of England must do his duty' Captain James Cook navigator explorer mapped many seaways and charted many countries
cities. Most of these new towns and cities were in the north of England, where the raw materials for the industry were available. ✿ In the south of England, London came to dominate, not as an industrial centre but as a business and trading centre. By the end of the century, it had a population of close to a million. ✿ More than a thousand mansions were built in the eighteenth century. 1746 At the Battle of Culloden, a government army of English and lowland Scots defeats the highland army of Charles Edward, who, as the grandson of the last Stuart king, claimed the British throne. Although he made no attempt to protect his supporters from revenge afterward, he is still a popular romantic figure in the highlands, and is known as 'Bonnie Prince Charlie'. 1771 For the first time, Parliament allows written records of its debates to be published freely. 1782 James Watt invents the first steam engine. 1783
effect from 1 May 1707. The deposed Jacobite Stuart claimants had remained popular in the Highlands and north-east, particularly amongst non- Presbyterians. However, two major Jacobite risings launched in 1715 and 1745 failed to remove the House of Hanover from the British throne. The threat of the Jacobite movement to the United Kingdom and its monarchs effectively ended at the Battle of Culloden, Great Britain's last pitched battle. This defeat paved the way for large-scale removals of the indigenous populations of the Highlands and Islands, known as the Highland Clearances. The Scottish Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution made Scotland into an intellectual, commercial and industrial powerhouse.[citation needed] After World War II, Scotland experienced an industrial decline which was particularly severe
absolute responsibility for running the country. Large areas of Canada and India were colonized at the expense of the French. The single greatest threat to George I came with the Scottish Jacobite Rebellions of 1715 and 1719. However, James Stuart, their leader, was easily defeated and fled to Rome. His son tried to claim the British throne twice, but he was soon forced to retreat. On 16 April 1746, English army met the Jacobites in a moor at Culloden. 2000 of the Jacobites died, which ended Stuart pretensions to the crown. The British ensured British rule at the French fort at Quebec. During the reign of George III, Britain lost its American colonies and the United States was born. Britain recognised its independence in September 1783. In Britain, peasant farmers were replaced by farms, tiny strips of land were replaced by huge fields enclosed by hedges, so stray animals couldn't ruin the crops or mix with
The flag as a symbol of dissent can be used as protest against authority, against a single action or as an ideological condemnation, but in such cases "the national symbol is manipulated in order to assert moral value over existing power value. The public destruction of national flags is a form of desecration and represents deliberate acts of disrespect. An early example of flags being used in this way include the Jacobite struggle against the English Hanoverian kings, who after the battle of Culloden (1746) put a stop to the Highland resistance. The treatment of the rebel standards captured provide us with interesting information about the associations involved: they [the rebel standards] were carried by the chief hangman of Edinburgh and by chimneysweeps, with an escort, and laid in the dust, while a proclamation was read explaining why they were to be burnt by the public hangman. Each standard was then laid over the flames, while the senior herald named the Scottish clan that
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