A decade later slave trade started. · 1580s - The first 2 English settlements in North America were established. · - James I of England became king. Scotland and England merged politically together as Great Britain. English spread to Scotland. · 1607 - the first lasting settlement in North America was established in Virginia, Jamestown. · 1609 - the colonisation of Ulster. (first tried out by Queen Elizabeth I and later continued officially by James I). Ulster was colonised to prevent further rebellion. The Irish were forced to become protestants. Due to these events, we can now see some common features in speech between lowland Scotland and Northern Ireland. · 1620 - the English ship Mayflower sailed to North America from England. The ship failed to reach Virginia and landed in Plymouth instead. Jamestown and Plymouth were now the 2 settlements and grew rapidly.
'West' differentiates from the 'Indies' in South and Southeast Asia. 2. Who were the original inhabitants of the area? After 500 BC, the Saladoid people migrated from present-day Venzuela to the Lesser Antilles. Around 650 AD, the Saladoid people were replaced by the Arawak Indians Around 1200 AD, the Arawaks were in turn succeeded by the Caribs. 3. When and by whom were most of these islands discovered for the Europeans? 1490s Christopher Columbus 4. Which countries colonised this area? The Spanish and Portuguese arrived in C16. England, France, and the Netherlands began their conquests in C17. Denmark only acquired a few islands. 5. Which languages are spoken in the West Indies? What is the origin of the people who live there? Pidgin is a simplified language that is born out of contact (e.g. trade) between speakers who do not speak the same language. The elements of two or more languages coalesce.
events, places, etc. builds on the individual story and place in history of the characters. Combines magical elements; challenges the reliability of history and the existence of a stable reality. Postcolonial situation – people have been colonised (politically, socially, economically, culturally, etc.). Characters are often silent or their speech is ignored (for instance women or marginalised ethnic groups may be abused in such a way – Spivak, Bhabha).
the Anglo-Saxons. The prosperity of the Danelaw led to its becoming a target for the Vikings. The Vikings also made raids in Ireland and founded the cities of Cork, Dublin and Limerick. The Vikings and Scandinavians settled down and intermixed with the Irish. By the mid-ninth century they had also settled in parts of mainland Scotland, for example Shetland and the Isle of Man. The Viking settlers were integrating with the local Gaelic population. Wales was not colonised by the Vikings as heavily as eastern England. The Vikings did, however, settle in the south around St. David's among other places. *Ethelred the Unready and Danegeld Of all the kings in English history, Ethelred II has perhaps the worst reputation. By the end of his reign, he'd managed to lose almost all of England to Viking Invaders. Ethelred was faced with a very large Viking fleet. This fleet was led by Olaf a Norwegian with ambitions to reclaim the Danelaw to his country
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