academic studies, has proficiency in the Estonian language at the advanced level, is of high moral character and has the abilities and personal characteristics necessary for working as a judge, may be appointed judge.A judge shall be appointed to office for life. Judges of first and second instances shall be appointed to office by the President of the Republic on the proposal of the Supreme Court. The main problems of Estonian court system are: Uneven workload of courts/judges,Salaries of court clerks,The qualification of court clerks,Housing and Information systems. Statitistics in year 2005: 43 000 civil cases (usually 25 000) 9000 criminal cases 3000 administrative cases 5000 petty crime 5300 cases in the courts of appeal (2500 civil, 1600 criminal, 1000 administrative, 200 petty crime) Estonian court system words. country court-maakohus administrative court- halduskohus circuit court-ringkonnakohus supreme court-Riigikohus court of first instance-esimese astme kohus
What kind of manners did he have? Was he a good person? Stout and brawny, the Miller has a wart on his nose and a big mouth, both literally and figuratively. He threatens the Host's notion of propriety when he drunkenly insists on telling the second tale. Indeed, the Miller seems to enjoy overturning all conventions: he ruins the Host's carefully planned storytelling order; he rips doors off hinges; and he tells a tale that is somewhat blasphemous, ridiculing religious clerks, scholarly clerks, carpenters, and women. The Manciple (est: AIDAMEES): Where does he work? What are his duties? How had he become rich? A manciple was in charge of getting provisions for a college or court. Despite his lack of education, this Manciple is smarter than the thirty lawyers he feeds. The Reeve ( est: Inns of Courti TOIDUOSTJA): Describe his appearance , skills, relationship with his workers and superiors. How has he made his fortune? Where is he from
93. STAFF NURSE- PERSONALIÕDE- A NURSE WHO HAS COMPLETED THE TRAINING COURSE. 94. CHARGE NURSE- VANEMÕDE- A MORE EXPERIENCED NURSE WHO IS IN CHARGE OF OR RESPONSIBLE FOR A WARD OR DEPARTMENT. 95. NURSE MANAGER- ÜLEMÕDE- A NURSE WHO IS IN CHARGE OF SEVERAL WARDS 96. SUPPORT WORKERS- TUGIPERSONAL 97. CLINICAL SUPPORT WORKER- KLIINILINE TUGITÖÖTAJA 98. OBTAINED BASIC -SAADUD PÕHI 99. NURSING AUXILIARY- ABIPÕETAJA 100. WARD CLERKS-SEKRETÄR 101. DUTIES- KOHUSTUSED 102. SPECIALIZATION IN SURGERY- SPETSIALISEERUNUD KIRURGIALE 103. MIDWIFE- ÄMMAEMAND- 104. MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANCY- RASEDUSE JÄLGIMINE 105. DISTRICT NURSES- KODUÕED 106. HEALTH VISITORS- TERVISEEDENDAJAD 107. GIVING ADVICE- NÕU ANDMA 108. PROMOTE-EDENDAMA 109. PREVENTION OF ILLNESS- (PREVENT) HAIGUSI ÄRA HOIDMA 110. PULSE RATES- PULSI MÕÕTMINE 111. PATIENT CARE- HOOLITSEMA PATSIENDI EEST 112. CHECKING TEMPERATURES- TEMP
93. STAFF NURSE- PERSONALIÕDE- A NURSE WHO HAS COMPLETED THE TRAINING COURSE. 94. CHARGE NURSE- VANEMÕDE- A MORE EXPERIENCED NURSE WHO IS IN CHARGE OF OR RESPONSIBLE FOR A WARD OR DEPARTMENT. 95. NURSE MANAGER- ÜLEMÕDE- A NURSE WHO IS IN CHARGE OF SEVERAL WARDS 96. SUPPORT WORKERS- TUGIPERSONAL 97. CLINICAL SUPPORT WORKER- KLIINILINE TUGITÖÖTAJA 98. OBTAINED BASIC -SAADUD PÕHI 99. NURSING AUXILIARY- ABIPÕETAJA 100. WARD CLERKS-SEKRETÄR 101. DUTIES- KOHUSTUSED 102. SPECIALIZATION IN SURGERY- SPETSIALISEERUNUD KIRURGIALE 103. MIDWIFE- ÄMMAEMAND- 104. MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANCY- RASEDUSE JÄLGIMINE 105. DISTRICT NURSES- KODUÕED 106. HEALTH VISITORS- TERVISEEDENDAJAD 107. GIVING ADVICE- NÕU ANDMA 108. PROMOTE-EDENDAMA 109. PREVENTION OF ILLNESS- (PREVENT) HAIGUSI ÄRA HOIDMA 110. PULSE RATES- PULSI MÕÕTMINE 111. PATIENT CARE- HOOLITSEMA PATSIENDI EEST 112. CHECKING TEMPERATURES- TEMP
rasedus 74. surgery n - ['s:d()ri] medical treatment in which a surgeon 50. neurosurgeon n - [,njr's:d()n] a doctor who does cuts open your body to repair or remove something inside: brain operations, ajukirurg Before undergoing surgery, patients should discuss the 51. on a par phr - to be at the same level or standard: The wages various options with their doctor. kirurgia, lõikus of clerks were on a par with those of manual workers. võrdne 75. tanning salon n a place where you get a tan, solaarium 52. palliative care n - ['pælitiv] a medical treatment that will 76. taxation n the system of collecting taxes, maksustamine not cure an illness but will reduce the pain. palliatiivne (ajutist 77. tissue n - a piece of soft thin paper, used especially for kergendust andev vahend või ravim; ka piltl) blowing your nose on: a box of tissues
Estonians, Shveitzarim, Bulgars, Germans, Russ, Js, others. Part of New Russia, invited by govt. Crimea became a sort of Riviera. Great writers wrote about it; became place everybody wants. J Anti-fascist comm 42, est. by the govt., for other groups. Propagandaic purposes for Sovs. Increase motivation to fight, funds from Js of world. David Bergelson, MIkhoels (one of most famous actors, both Russ and Yiddish), Ilya Ehrenburg, Pinya. Journalists, mid-level clerks. Evsektsia end 30. Komzet, Ozet agricultural, end 37, 38. Committee didn't replace any others. Rep for Js in SU. After WWII, committee continued, culture. Memorialization. 43 Mikihoels and other, trip to US to raise $, met Einstein. Rehabilitation aid after war. During war, regime lets reins go of nationalities, lets them work more to gain support for war. Committee Einkeit, culture, identity. After war, awful conditions.
What counted was thenumber of stresses. Four stresses per line, the stresses evenly spaced A pause (in Latin called caesura) in the middle of the line. Two stresses before the pause, two stresses after the pause. The number of unstressed syllables between the stressed syllables is not significant, varies. Old English poetry: initial rhymes (importantfor remembering! After all, the poetry was mainly oral, only selected poems written down by clerks at the command of noblemen/kings). Alliteration consonants at the beginning of words are repeated. Alliteration applied to stressed syllables. Alliteration bound together the two halves of the line. Therefore, the third stressed syllable (first in the second half) had to alliterate with at least one stressed syllable in the first half of the line. Old forms in general survive more easily in 1. compound words (BRIDEGROOM, WEREWOLF), 2. place names (SCARBOROUGH, CANTERBURY), 3
nobleman's court. The courts were run by well-educated clerics who spread the idea of courtier manners and morals. The virtues prized were: no boasting, gentleness, friendliness, moderation, temperate moods. In this times literature and culture of ancient Rome was paid much attention. The works of Virgil, Horace, and Ovid were read, students studied them. Trained in the classics, but in touch with the aspirations and realities of medieval society, the clerks created the chivalric romance of love-new attitude to women. Before, the chansons that were written about war bands had ignored relationships between sexes. The chivalric romance of lobe is influenced by works of Ovid, the favourite Latin poet in the MA. The philosophy of Courtly Love perceives sexual love as ennobling, owes its idealism to Plato and his Neo-Platonist followers. 2 worlds 1) eternal, `ideas'. 2)sense- world of time and change. Soul
cryptologic organization, OP-20-G. The page-printer stood beside the desk of the GY watch officer. It rapped out the intercept in an original and a carbon copy on yellow and pink teletype paper just like news on a city room wireservice ticker. The watch officer, Lieutenant (j.g.) Francis M. Brotherhood, U.S.N.R., a curly-haired, brown-eyed six-footer, saw immediately from indicators that the message bore for the guidance of Japanese code clerks that it was in the top Japanese cryptographic system. This was an extremely complicated machine cipher which American cryptanalysts called PURPLE. Led by William F. Friedman, Chief Cryptanalyst of the Army Signal Corps, a team of codebreakers had solved Japan's enciphered dispatches, deduced the nature of the mechanism that would effect those letter transformations, and painstakingly built up an apparatus that cryptographically duplicated the Japanese machine
peasants in the 1730s, when the founder of the movement, Count Nikolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf, visited Estonia. As in its ministries elsewhere, the Estonian Moravian organization was based on Zinzendorf's congregational administration which divided each congregation into so-called choirs. The Moravian movement offered Estonian peasants new areas of activity and possibilities for self- development. The social standing and consciousness of the elite of congregation heads (schoolteachers, parish clerks and church wardens) encouraged other peasants to strive towards a disciplined and abstemious lifestyle and model farming. It is generally believed that the Moravian movement countered the tendencies towards Germanisation and prepared the ground for the growth of the Estonian national movement in the second half of the 19th century. It should be kept in mind, however, that the Moravian movement never involved more than a
century), Edward II, Edward III, Richard II (14th century). *Henry II and Thomas a Becket Henry was a good administrator, but he had a terrible temper, which would get him into trouble. Becket was Henry's friend and chief administrator. Henry convinced Becket to become the new Archbishop as he thought Becket (as his friend) would be his ally. But instead, Thomas underwent a change of character and opposed Henry over the question of the supremacy of courts. Henry claimed that the clerks should be tried in royal courts. To his surprise, Becket refused to agree. Becket fled to France after defying Henry. Four foolish knights seeking to please the king, killed Becket in front of the altar, where he was praing. However, Henry was very sad to hear about his friends death. *The Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland, the Pale King Henry II gained papal approval to invade Ireland. However, the invasion of Ireland was not motivated by religion. The
abolition of serfdom and the reforms that followed stimulated the economic development and the rise of an Estonian class of small landowners, peasants with some civil rights. At the same time the rise of national self-consciousness encouraged Estonians into purposeful efforts to acquire education. Some important preconditions for this had been obtained. Teachers received their education mostly from the pedagogical seminaries in the towns of Tartu and Valga. Village teachers and parish clerks were called “the salt of the earth” and their manifold educational and cultural activities inspired the people. The first choirs and later brass bands were organised in rural areas during the 1820s and 30s. Singing and instrumental playing were included in the curriculum of parish schools by the second quarter of the century. By the end of the century, due to these schools teaching in the mother tongue, the majority of Estonians had attained full literacy
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