In the second and classic MSBP presentation, caretakers make direct efforts to induce symptoms of illness in their children. Since the parents are often masters of deception, evidence of the abuse may be very difficult to obtain. Various types of evidence have been used in legal proceedings against parents suspected of Munchausen syndrome by proxy. Examples include direct evidence (i.e, an eye-witness account of the mother placing blood in a diaper) and circumstantial evidence (the child is only ill in the mother's presence, the child's urinalysis shows toxic drug levels, or tiny holes are spotted in the child's intravenous tubing and syringes are found in the mother's purse). Another method of providing abuse has been the use of expert witness testimony regarding the Munchausen syndrome by proxy syndrome. Thus, the jury was left to decide, based on circumstantial evidence alone, (albeit in seemingly overwhelming amounts) that Mrs
(US) 14. salajased dokumendid privileged / confidential documents 15. tunnistajate ütlused witness statements 16. kohtusse kutsuma summon 17. kohtukutse summons, subpoena 18. küsitlus kohtus examination 19. ristküsitlus kohtus cross-examination 20. asitõendid real evidence, physical evidence 21. kaudsed tõendid circumstantial evidence, indirect evidence 22. lubatavad tõendid admissible evidence 23. lubamatud tõendid inadmissible evidence 24. võistlev menetlus adversary / adversarial procedure 25. uuriv menetlus inquisitorial/inquisitional procedure 26. kahjustavaid tõendeid ümber lükkama rebut damaging evidence 27. kohtuvaidlused litigation 28. kohtukulud court costs, costs of an action 29
4. judgement in default – a judgement made without the defendant being present 5. settlement of the parties – reaching agreement and avoiding the trial 6. disclosure – draw up a list of documents going to be used in trial and serve it on the other party 7. summons – to require smb to appear in court in person 8. affidavit – written, sworn evidence from statements 9. real evidence – material objects as evidence 10. circumstantial evidence - evidence inferred from the facts 11. litigation – a dispute in the court 12. legal aid – payment from the public funds to help smb to pay for the services of the lawyer III 1. omama õigust kohtu poole pöörduda – to have the right of recourse to court 2. kohtu poole pöörduma – to take recourse to a court 3. kohtus asju arutama, lahendama – to adjudicate matters in court 4. oma õigusi kaitsma – to protect one`s rights 5
She was a controversial figure in the community. She had been married three times and she ran two taverns. Worse, she had been tried for witchcraft before, in 1680. Yet the evidence against her was feeble. It was said that dolls with pins in them were found in her house. Despite the flimsiness of the evidence the unfortunate woman was convicted on 2 June. She was hanged on 10 June. If the evidence against Bishop was, at best, circumstantial, the evidence against other people was absurd! The afflicted girls claimed that they could see the accused person's `spectre' attacking them even when the accused was not physically present. (Naturally only they could see the `spectres'). Even for the 17th century spectral evidence was very unusual. Unfortunately the judge William Stoughton 1631-1701 insisted on admitting spectral evidence. Another form of 'evidence' was provided by touching. People believed that if a girl had a fit
Romania: `We have pride and dignity, we are not crazy lunatics for Western people to stare at!' or: `Reporter go home! You're late! There's no blood left!' (Murphy, 1992, pp. 41, 85). Yet, such isolated, strictly circumstantial anti-foreigner undercurrents do not affect the mutually accepted asymmetrical relation between travellers and locals, East and West. If, in a sense, after the overthrow of communist regimes, the doors were wide open for the Eastern European populations' faster integration in the general
Malaysian peninsula in 1881 and found throughout Malaysia is similar to Japanese Bobtail, but has not been adopted as a formal breed. The second officially recognised bobtail breed is the American Bobtail bred from a foundation cat discovered in the 1960s in Arizona. This is a dominant gene mutation. It occurs in shorthair and semi-longhair varieties and has a powder puff tail up to one third normal length. It was reputed to have bobcat blood (based on purely circumstantial evidence), but it may be a Manx-type mutation since some lines produce a range of tailless, rumpy, stumpy, longy and kink-tail cats. To avoid mixing up different mutations, the American Bobtail is never bred with either the Manx or the Japanese Bobtail. This is the official American Bobtail breed, however the trait has evidently occurred independently several times. The Sno-Bob is a colour variety of American Bobtail. It apparently resembles the
The daughter , who had been full of energy, enthusiasm, and the expectations of youth when I last saw her, seemed worn out, tired after bringing up three children. Then I remembered: Almost thirty years had passed since we last met. Time had done this to them. And I'm sure they were just as shocked when they saw me. Everything seems to be subject to time, yet it all happens in the Now. That is the paradox. Wherever you look, there is plenty of circumstantial evidence for the reality of time – a rotting apple, your face in the bathroom mirror compared to your face in a photo taken thirty years ago – yet you never find any direct evidence, you never experience time itself. You only ever experience the present moment, or rather what happens in it. If you go by direct evidence only, then there is no time, and the Now is all there ever is. ELIMINATING TIME You cannot make the egoless state into a future goal and then work toward it
Soviet times, translating the Old Testament from the original Hebrew into Estonian. Masing wrote a large number of religious poems, however, what the Soviet authorities wanted was poetry that displayed the heroism of the Soviet people in the past war, and the building of a new life. This life would illustrate the friendship of all Soviet nations and their fight for peace. Novelists seeing the treatment of independent Estonia as dangerous turned to historical circumstantial subjects, for example, Aadu Hint’s (1910-1989) Tuuline rand (The Windy Shores), a tetralogy written between 1951 and 1966, was a historical panoramic novel about Estonian coastal dwellers. New themes appeared in the fine arts at the same time. The views on art were seen as a political matter. The image of the ordinary man was seen as vital; initially the image was somewhat mechanical, common and lifeless. The thematic compositions were cultivated, inclining towards the illustrative
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