rasvade muutmine jne.) · Loonud uute omadustega kultuurtaimi · Loonud diagnostilisi vahendeid ja vaktsiine · Ensüüme uutele puhastusvahenditele jne. · Radikaalselt muutnud eri alade uurimistööd Stem cells: regenerative therapy of peripheral organs Undevelopped cells that are able to divide and differentiate into different specialized cell types. Embryonic stem cells Adult stem cells Bone marrow, adipose tissue, blood (umbilical cord) Self-renewal, totipotent, pluripotent Can be artificially grown and transformed Therapy Introduction of new adult stem cell into damaged tissue Minimal risk of rejection and side-effects Potential to change an overall picture of human diseases Most therapies are at experimental stages Potential treatments Heart damage: - old and recent infarcts - Generation of heart muscle cells - Stimulation of growth of new blood vessels
have important metabolic and immunological effects (Arzt, 2001; Hoffman-Goetz & Pederson, 1994; Fitzgerald, 1998). Emotion regulation in relation.. 1 Figure 3. The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis (HPA) Cortisol has been widely used in psychology to measure stress. Cortisol has metabolic effects on liver glucose sythnesis, breakdown of skeletal muscle protein to amino acids and in adipose tissue mobilizes fat. It can also have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions depending on concentration (Rhoades & Pflanzer, 1989). Most of these physiological effects prepare the body for hostile conditions. Cells of the immune system respond to stress or injury in many of ways (Benoy & Heels, 1998; Mayer & Watkins, 1998; Brines et al, 1996). They secrete a number of cytokines (signalling protein) such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) which is a pro-
applies this economical process throughout tissue seem to play an important role on the the slaughter chain (Gill and Bryant 1997b). efficiency of steam-vacuuming. Bacon et al. Commercial steam-vacuuming units release (2002a) evaluated post-chilling steam-vacu- steam (at 104–110°C, 2.07–3.45 bar) and/or uming (130°C, 1.72 bar) on Salmonella- hot water (at 82–94°C, 0.34–1.03 bar) in con- inoculated cold beef adipose tissue surfaces junction with the application of vacuum and and found reduction of less than 1 log10 CFU/ are continuously heat-sanitized (Dorsa et al. cm2. The limited efficacy of the applied treat- 1996a, b, 1997b; Kochevar et al. 1997a; ment was attributed to the short contact time Castillo et al. 1999a). The principle of the of the steam-vacuuming unit with the adipose method is described as follows: initial appli- surface, in combination with the protective
My forays into its potential can be found in the online resources. BAT and my related torture experiments, on the other hand, are worth taking a closer look at. If the science gets too dense and you want the index card version, skip to "Ice Age Revisited-- Four Places to Start" on this page. I won't be offended. Fat-Burning Fat Not all fat is equal. There are at least two distinct types: white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). WAT is what we usually think of as fat, like the marbling on a steak. A WAT cell--an adipocyte --is composed of a single large fat droplet with a single nucleus. BAT, in contrast, is sometimes referred to as "fat-burning fat" and appears to be derived from the same stem cells as muscle tissue. A BAT cell is composed of multiple droplets that are brown in color because of a much higher volume of iron-containing mitochondria. Normally
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