EARTHQUAKES What is earthquake? • the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. • the earthquakes are measured by magnitudes • caused mostly by rupture of geological faults, but also by other events • such as volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear tests • earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and sometimes displacement of the ground Japan earthquake 2011 • 9.03 magnitude undersea megathrust earthquake • Triggered powerful tsunami waves • After the World War ll the most difficult crisis for Japan Luzon earthquake 1990 • 7.8 magnitude earthquake in Philippines How to be Prepared • Electricity, water, gas and telephones may not be working • You'll need food and water During an earthquake • If you’re indoors, stay there • If you're outside, get into the open • avoid panicking After an Earthquake
Wonders of the modern world Channel Tunnel Date started: December 1, 1987 Date finished: May 6, 1994 Location: Strait of Dover, between the United Kingdom and France The Channel Tunnel is a 50.5-kilometre undersea rail tunnel .At its lowest point, it is 75 metres deep. At 37.9 kilometres the Channel Tunnel possesses the longest undersea portion of any tunnel in the world, although the Seikan Tunnel in Japan is both longer overall at 53.85 kilometres and deeper at 240 metres below sea level. The tunnel carries high-speed Eurostar passenger trains, Eurotunne Shuttle roll-on/roll-off vehicle transport--the largest in the world--and international rail freight trains. The tunnel connects end-to-end with the LGV Nord and High Speed 1 high-speed railway lines. In 1996 the
TSUNAMI Kristjan Sillaots G1R2 WHAT IS TSUNAMI? A tsunami is a series of ocean waves that sends surges of water, sometimes reaching heights of over 100 feet (30.5 meters), onto land. These walls of water can cause widespread destruction when they crash ashore. WHAT CAUSES A TSUNAMI? These awe-inspiring waves are typically caused by large, undersea earthquakes at tectonic plate boundaries. When the ocean floor at a plate boundary rises or falls suddenly, it displaces the water above it and launches the rolling waves that will become a tsunami. WHAT CAUSES A TSUNAMI? Tsunamis may also be caused by underwater landslides or volcanic eruptions. They may even be launched, as they frequently were in Earth’s ancient past, by the impact of a large meteorite plunging into an ocean.
off the northeast coast of Australia. It's the largest coral reef on earth, extending for 2000 kilometres along the coast of Queensland. It consists of more than 600 islands. Most of the islands are uninhabited, but some have been developed as tourists resorts. Scientists estimate that the Reef is more than 30 millions years old and it had it beginning in a tiny animal known as polyp. There are more than 300 varieties of coral, which is a ultimate dream of every shell- collector. There are undersea observations, glass-bottomed boats and water scopes for undersea viewing, as well as skin-diving equipment. The Great Barrier Reef is and ideal place for a sunny holiday. The relief: Australia is an old and low continent with simple relief. Plains cover the greater part of the land. Most of the rocks have turned into sand and there are big sand deserts on the Western Plateau. In the centre of Australia are lowlands which are covered with sedimentary rocks.
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