3. Elongatsioon aminoatsüül tRNA sidumine ribosoomiga Peptiidsideme moodustumine a/h vahel Ribosoomi liikumine järgmisele koodonile 1. Terminatsioon tRNA aktiveerimine(aminoatsüleerimine) 1. A/h ühineb tRNAs aminoatsüültRNA süntetaasi abil 2. Kasutab ATP energiat. 3. 20 erinvat different aminoatsüültRNA syntetaasi (igal a/h oma) 4. tRNAs on ensüümi spetsiifiline sait ATP and amino acid bind to aminoacyltRNA synthetase, to form aminoacylAMP + 2 phosphates. tRNA binds to aminoacylAMP. Amino acid transfers to tRNA, displacing AMP. Amino acid always is attached to adenine on 3' end of tRNA by its carboxyl group forming aminoacyltRNA. Initsiatsioon: 1. mRNA 2. Ribosoom 3. Initsiator tRNA (fMet tRNA prokarüootides) 4. 3 Initsiatsiooni faktorit (IF1, IF2, IF3) 5. Mg2+ 6. GTP (guanosiin trifosfaat) Elongatsioon: 1
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ogy, and two different sets of fluorescent formed using constructs containing sequences beads are cross-linked to the specific oligo- from the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV, nucleotide probes previously amplified and i.e., 35S promoter [P-35S] and/or 35S termi- labeled by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) nator [T-35S]) or from Agrobacterium tume- in the presence of a biotinylated nucleotide. faciens (i.e., nopaline synthetase terminator However, an important aspect that must [T-nos]). Screening methodologies have also be considered prior to routine use of these traditionally used selectable marker genes techniques in food analysis is the validation that encode proteins that confer herbicide of their performance through use by the sci- or antibiotic resistance (Draper and Scout entific community as has occurred with the 1991; Flavell et al. 1992; Kok et al. 1994; real-time PCR methods
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