In 1154 a town called Qlwn or Qalaven (possible derivations of Kalevan or Kolyvan) was put on the world map of the Almoravid by cartographer Muhammad al-Idrisi who described it as a small town like a large castle among the towns of Astlanda. It has been suggested that the Quwri in Astlanda may have denoted the predecessor town of today's Tallinn. The earliest name Kolyvan may be derived from the mythical Estonian hero Kalev. Up to the 13th century the Scandinavians and Henry of Livonia in his chronicle called the town Lindanisa: Lyndanisse in Danish, Lindanäs in Swedish, also mentioned as Ledenets in Old East Slavic. According to some theories the name derived from mythical Linda, the wife of Kalev and the mother of Kalevipoeg. who in an Estonian legend carried rocks to her husband's grave that formed the Toompea hill. It has been also suggested that in the context the meaning of linda in the archaic
3.How is the population distributed on the territory of Canada? Population density: 4 residents/km2 Densely and sparsely populated areas. Canada is one of the least densely populated countries in the world. 4. Who are the native peoples of Canada? Métis (mixed-race decendants of the indigenous peoples) Inuit (also referred to as Eskimos) The First Nations (various indigenous peoples who are neither of the above) 5. The discovery of Canada by Europeans (St Brendan, Scandinavians, John Cabot, Jacques Cartier). St Brendan the Navigator (C6) was an Irish monk. Tradition holds that he reached North America on one of his voyages. Leif Eriksson (C11) was a Norseman who likely landed in North America around 1000 AD. John Cabot was an Italian explorer who reached North America in 1497. Jacques Cartier was a French explorer who landed in modern-day Newfoundland on 10 May 1534 6. From which countries did most immigrants arrive in Canada in the following periods: before
South- East (Ontario, Quebec) densely populated South and South-West less densely, rest of the country sparsely. 4. The native peoples of Canada are: - Indians (The First Nations) - Metis (North American Indian and European descent) - Inuit (Formerly called Eskimos) 5. Discovery by the Europeans: - St. Brendan known as the Navigator; discovered in the 6th century; was an Irish monk - Scandinavians - 10th century, first by accident, then Leif Eriksson sighted the land. They attempted to colonize it but were driven out by the locals. - John Cabot Italian; wanted to reach China; sighted land in 1497; the exact place is not known; received sponsorship from King Henry VII - Jacques Cartier French; did altogether three expeditions; visited present-day Quebec City and Montreal 6. Immigrants:
The length of the coastline is approximately 3 800 km. The longest distance from east to west is 350 km, while north to south Estonia stretches 240 km. THE NAME The name EESTI was apparently derived from the word AISTI, the name given by ancient Germans to the peoples living northeast of the Vistula River. Tacitius, the Roman historian, was the first one to mention it (AESTI), while the Arab scholar alIdrisi was the first one to mark it on a map (as ASTLANDA). To the ancient Scandinavians the land was known as EISTLAND; to modern Scandinavians it is known as ESTLAND. Most contemporary languages use the Latin name ESTONIA. FLAG The Estonian blueblackandwhite national flag was originally the flag of the Estonian Student's Society, consecrated in Otepää Church in 1884. today there is a memorial plaque on the church wall commemorating the event. The Flag Museum attracts tourists who take an interest in the history of the flag.
Britain's predominant historical stock is called Anglo Saxons. They arrived in Britain in massive numbers between the 5th and the 7th century. These people tended to be tall, bland and blue eyed. Native Britons fought the great flood of Germanic people and many Britons who survived fled west to the hill country. The refugees were called Celts. Celts tended to be shorter than Anglo Saxons and they had rounder heads. Most had dark hair, but high percentage of Celts had red hair. A big number of Scandinavians raided and settled in Great Britain and Ireland during the 9th century. In 1066 the Normans, French speaking invaders conquered England, adding another ethnic component. The Normans were the last major group to add their stock to the British population. 9
learn to read English, and saw to it that books were made available in the language. *Danelaw and other Viking territories in the British Isles The Danelaw is a historical name given to the part of Great Britain in which the laws of the "Danes" dominated those of the Anglo-Saxons. The prosperity of the Danelaw led to its becoming a target for the Vikings. The Vikings also made raids in Ireland and founded the cities of Cork, Dublin and Limerick. The Vikings and Scandinavians settled down and intermixed with the Irish. By the mid-ninth century they had also settled in parts of mainland Scotland, for example Shetland and the Isle of Man. The Viking settlers were integrating with the local Gaelic population. Wales was not colonised by the Vikings as heavily as eastern England. The Vikings did, however, settle in the south around St. David's among other places. *Ethelred the Unready and Danegeld Of all the kings in English history, Ethelred II has
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