REPOLARIZATION – The return of the membrane potential to its resting state during an action potential. RETROGRADE AMNESIA – Loss of memory for events which happened prior to the event causing the amnesia. RETROGRADE TRANSPORT – Axonal transport towards the cell body, e.g. transport of molecules of trophic factors taken up at the nerve terminal. It uses neuronal cystoskeleton, i.e. the system of neurotubules and neurofilaments which make a kind of scaffolding inside a neurone. REUPTAKE – A process by which released neurotransmitters are absorbed by the presynaptic (releasing) neurone; it terminates the act of neurotransmission. ROD – A sensory neurone located in the periphery of the retina. It is sensitive to light of low sensitivity and important for night vision. SECOND MESSENGERS – Molecules which are generated in response to the binding of a neurotransmitter to postsynaptic receptors. They signal to the inside of a
Sümmeetriline korrastamine Kogumine Mitu eritegevust Ärevushäired – ravi Farmakoteraapia – selektiivsed serotoniini tagasihaarde inhibiitorid, trankvilisaatorid Psühhoteraapia – KKT – lahenduslik probleemikäsitlus ning vältimise astmeline ületamine Trankvilisaatorid ja anksiolüütikumid: ärevuse ja hirmu leevendamiseks (oht füüsilise sõltuvuse tekkimine) SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) – ravikuurid pikaaegsed: Paanikahäirel ~1 aasta Üldistunud ärevushäirel perioodiline? Eluaegne? Postraumaatiline stressihäire Traumakogemus, millest mõtlemine ja rääkimine tekitavad tugevat ärevust Mälestused, mälupildid, hirmu-unenäod, seletamatud aistingud Kaasnevad vegetatiivsed reaktsioonid nagu südamepekslemine, hingamise sagenemine, higistamine Teadvusesse tungivad meenutused toimunust, mis toob kaasa
The results showed that the rats with more acetylcholine in their brain were faster in finding the food in the maze and the rats with less acetylcholine were slower and took more wrong turns. The researchers concluded that acetylcholine played an important role in creating a memory of the maze. Major depressive disorder is an affective disorder that is related to low levels of neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain. People with depression are often treated with SSRI-s, that block serotonin reuptake when it is in the synapse, causing it to act for a longer time than normal and increasing the available serotonin that is needed for mood regulation. Using one or more examples, explain functions of two hormones in human behavior. Oxytocin is a hormone that is produced by the hypothalamus after being stimulated by the pituitary gland. It is released with touches and hugs. Oxytocin is associated with bonding between a mother and a child and as well as between lovers. If oxytocin is
I found one potential bene t particularly fascinating, given our focus on GLUT-4: both inulin and FOS improve calcium absorption, and calcium absorption promotes the contraction- dependent GLUT-4 translocation! If the anti-obesity e ects weren't enough, consider bacterial balance a crucial step in supporting your "second brain." Most of us have heard of serotonin, a wide-acting neurotransmitter that, when de cient, is intimately linked to depression. Prozac and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) act to increase the e ects of serotonin. Despite the label "neurotransmitter," which leads most people to visualize the brain, only 5% of serotonin is found in your head. The remaining 95% is produced in the gut, sometimes referred to as "the second brain" for this reason. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 39 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota was found to signi cantly decrease anxiety symptoms
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