the kings after him wouldn't go beyond his rights as a feudal lord again. The nobles established a committee for that. Another sign of the chaning feudalism was the army. Kings started to pay for soldiers. The Power of the Kings of England. Church and state William had created Norman bishops and given them land for homage. As a result it wasn't sure whether the bishops should obey the king or the church and that led to trouble. Both the kings and popes wanted more power and authority. First big quarrel was between William Rufus and Anselm. Finally they agreed on that only church has the power to make bishops. The crisis came when Henry II's friend Thomas Becket was made the Archbishop of Canterbury. Henry hoped that he will help him bring the church more under his control but Thomas didn't agree to it. He was murdered by Henry's knights on altar steps in the cathedral. All Christian Europe was shocked and Becket became the saint of Church.
ametisse inkvisiitorid, kellel oli õigus nii ketserite süüasju uurida kui ka nende üle kohut mõista.11 Siit järeldub, et üht ja õigest kuupäeva inkvisitsiooni alguseks tuua ei saa. Aratavasti 8 Viies Moosese raamat, 13. Ptk., 7., 9. ja 10.salm 9 J.Edwards. Op.cit. lk. 14-15 10 J.Guiraud. Histoire de l'Inquisition au moyen age, vol. I. Origenes de l'Inquisition dans le midi de la France. Cathares et vaudois. Paris, 1935, lk. 149. 11 A.C Shannon. The Popes and Herecy in the thirtheenth century. Villanova, Penn, 1949, lk. 60-61. 6 polegi see vajalik, pealegi on see suuresti kinni ka tõlgenduses. Milist teguviisi keegi inkvisitsioonilise käitumise alguseks peab. INKVISITSIOONILINE PROTSESS 2.1 Kohtunikud On avaldatud mitmeid teoseid, mis kirjeldavad inkvisiitorite teguviise, salatsemisi, piinamisi, pettuseid jm, aga siiski leidub ka palju inkvisitisooni advokaate, kes nagu
offered detailed theories of evolution (Clark, 1984, pg.24-25). Therefor the idea of evolution went very far back in Western history. At that time this concept was referred to as The Great Chain Of Life and was conceived in the middle ages, based on a mixture of classical and Biblical ideas. The ranking order ranged from the "lowest" forms of life to "higher" living beings (lion), through the various classes of human beings from peasants to nobles to Popes, and upwards through the hierarchy of angles to God. This concept, in and of itself, has nothing to do with evolution, in fact it seems to be anti-evolutionary, since every member is fixed in its own place. This chain was created in a time when the world was considered to be more static rather than a diverse collection of dynamic ideas. But the Newtonian revolution of the seventeenth century replaced the old static world with a new world view in which everything was naturally in motion
Renaissance. Main themes are lust for power. The desire to do a way with the old restriction of the church. Problems were morality and ruthless ambition. His main contribution to literature is the elaboration (väljatöötamine) of plank verse. Died very young aged 29, was murdered. Service for inteligence or simple fight in pub was stabbed. Thomas More (1478-1535) Born in London, educated in Oxford, was lawyer and MP (member of parliament) was a Chatolic. Fought against Popes and the kings absolute power( Henry VIII). Refused to obey the king as the head of the English church due to that he was sent to the tower and beheaded as a traitor. Lateer decleared as a saint. Literature: Wrote many books "Utopia" 1516 a bit fiction. Political essay that consists of two parts. Written in Latin, after his death translated into many European languages, especially popular in 19th century. The book is authors imiginary conversation with Raphael Hythody who was a traveller
Church of England. It is first and foremost associated with the Anglo-Catholic movement of the later 19th century (from 1833 onwards). High Churchmen placed great emphasis on liturgy and the sacraments, especially the weekly or daily celebration of the Eucharist as well as on the three orders of ministry (deacon, priest and bishop). Archbishop In Christianity, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office. Like popes, patriarchs, metropolitans, cardinal bishops, diocesan bishops, and suffragan bishops, archbishops are in the highest of the three traditional orders of bishops, priests, also called presbyters, and deacons. An archbishop may be granted the title, or ordained as chief pastor of a metropolitan see or another episcopal see to which the title of archbishop is attached. Bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted
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