begun with the arrival of the first humans using rafts or primitive boats, at least 67 000 years ago In 1521, Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the Philippines and claimed the islands for Spain In 1935, the Philippines was granted Commonwealth status On July 4, 1946, the Philippines attained it's independence Intresting facts There are more than 200 volcanoes, though only a few are active The Philippine flag is the only flag in the world which is hoisted upside-down when the country is in war The Philippines covers an area of 115,830 square miles, making it equal in size to Italy Usually Filipinos drive on the right side of the road but sometimes you will find that they are driving on the left or maybe just in the middle
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the encomienda were required to provide him with tribute and free labor. The encomienderos, akin to feudal lords, quickly became an important element in the political life of New Spain. Spain's northwestern most colony was California, claimed first by Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo in 1542. Several early Spanish conquistadores looked seriously at California as a possible source of treasure, but none was found and Spain's attention quickly shifted elsewhere. In 1565 Miguel de Salcedo added the Philippine Islands to Spain's empire and a brief thought was given to developing a port on the coast of California to be used in support of the Spanish galleons sailing from Manila to Acapulco. Once again nothing was done and California remained undisturbed by European settlement for another two centuries. In the second half of the eighteenth century the world balance of power was shifting and New Spain was being threatened by several European powers including England, France and Russia
However, those with Asian blood were not regarded as Criollo in the Philippines. Criollos were more commonly called filipinos ("from the Philippines") or insulares ("from the islands") according to the original meaning of the word. The criollo class was below that of the peninsulares born in spain, but out-ranked the people of mixed Austronesian-Spanish descent, and the Christianized native Austronesian peoples. 9 The meaning of filipino changed drastically during the Philippine Revolution for Independence against Spain in 1896. It was adopted by nationalist movements and transformed into a national designation that encompassed the entire population of the Philippines, especially the descendants of the native Austronesian peoples. In fact, the meaning of Filipino today is the opposite of its colonial meaning, since it tends to refer only to the predominantly native Austronesian population and excludes the mestizos of mixed Spanish descent, as well as the non-
S. to "take up the white man's burden" and help Britain spread western civilization around the world, while Europeans sneered that the Americans, who had berated them for dividing Africa and Asia among themselves, had fallen at the first temptation to get a colony of their own. Rubén Darío, speaking for Latin Americans, accused Teddy Roosevelt of believing "that progress is just eruption,/ that wherever you put bullets,/ you put the future, too." And Apolinario Mabini, crafter of the Philippine constitution, warned the U.S. that "force ... cannot annihilate the aspirations of eight million souls who are conscious of their own power, honor, and rights; blood will not drown them, it will only nourish their great ideas, the eternal principles."Clearly, Mark Twain was not alone in thinking that the Americans had betrayed their founding values for what he labeled a "backseat" in the community of imperialist nations. That narrative still drives Americans' understanding of
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Agency headquarters was supplied by the 2nd Signal Service Battalion. It had been created as the 2nd Signal Service Company on January 1, 1939, by Major General Joseph Mauborgne, the chief signal officer, out of the 1st Radio Intelligence Company at Fort Monmouth, plus the radio intelligence detachments of signal companies in the Canal Zone, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, the Presidio, San Francisco, Fort Shafter, Hawaii and Fort McKinley, Philippine Islands. Commanding its 101 enlisted men was First Lieutenant Earle F. Cooke. It grew rapidly—in October, 1939, a detachment under First Lieutenant Robert E. Schukraft arrived at Fort Hunt, Virginia, to install and operate a new Army intercept station. With the onset of war, the imperative demands for manpower compelled the Army, on April 2, 1942, to increase the company to battalion strength. Eventually it expanded to an enormously oversized company of 5,000 men
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