). Kaashääliku(ühendi)tena on kasutusel ch /ttʃ/, h /ʔ/, k /k/, kw /kʷ/, l /l/, m /m/, n /n/, p /p/, t /t/, tl /ttɬ/, ts /tts/, x /ʃ/, y /j/, s /s/, w /w/. Kasutatakse ka b, d, g, f, ñ ja rr tähte, kuid ainult hispaania laensõnades (ibid.). U ei esine üksiku häälikuna, vaid ühendites uh/hu /kʷ/ või uc/cu /k/. Üksinda seisev h on kõrisulghäälik (eesti kõnekeelses eituspartiklis mkmk; võru keele mitmuse tunnus q, nt kalaq) (Nahuatl orthography). Nahua keel on polüsünteetiline keel, mis tähendab, et sõnad koosnevad paljudest morfeemidest. Nad lisavad sõnatüvele erinevaid ees- ja järelliiteid, kuni tekivad väga pikad sõnad – üks sõna võib tähendada tervet lauset. Sõnad võib jagada kolme gruppi: tegu-, nimi- ja abisõnad (sinna kuuluvad ka üksikud olemasolevad määrsõnad). Omadussõnad on olemas, kuid enamasti käituvad nagu nimisõnad. Viimaseid iseloomustab kuuluvus (minu, sinu jne) ja ainsuse/mitmuse vorm
NAVAJO LANGUAGE Merilin Reisenbuk What is Navajo Language? Navajo is an Athabaskan (is a large group of indigenous peoples of North America) language spoken in the southwest United States by the Navajo people. It is geographically and linguistically one of the Southern Athabaskan languages. Orthography and pronunciation Consonants Vowels. Navajo has four basic vowel qualities: a, e, i and o. Each of these may occur either short or long. Tones. Navajo has two tones, low and high. - high, as in áá and éé - low, as in aa and ee Grammar The key element in Navajo is the verb. Every verb must have at least one prefix. Many concepts expressed using nouns in other languages appear as verbs in Navajo.
tolerance. I’d give enough time to read every book carefully. I wouldn’t just make a test with fact-questions, I would discuss about the books with them. We would talk about the problems and the main ideas of the book. Later, they would have to write an essay about the book. Writing an essay improves their writing skills. Maybe I’d let them work in groups, then they can discuss about book together. Also, every person must know the rules of orthography and write correctly. So it is very important for students to learn their mother languaege. If I would be teacher, I’d gave them printed materials with rules for every subject. Also, they should keep their materials in the folder, it is easier when all things are in the same place. I would also make dictations and tests for every subject. Only then, I can be sure that kids acquire the necessary knowledge. There are advantages and disadvantages of being a teacher
· Posh 4) English English, RP, Estuary English 1. English English - the English language as spoken in England. British Standard English grammar and vocabulary (used by many) together with the RP accent (used only in England) should be called English English. 2. RP - Accent which is normally taught to students who are studying EngEng. Used natively by only 3-5% of the population of England. RP has a large number of diphthongs and not a particularly close relationship to English orthography. RP is a social accent, rather than regional, and is associated particularly with the upper-middle and upper classes. Some features: · The /i:/ of bee, rather than the // of be, occurs in the final syllable of very, many, etc. · The vowel // in unstressed syllables (in RP) often corresponds to // (in near-RP accents). · The consonant /t/ may be realized as a glottal stop [?]. · Most EngEng accents have lost the original contrast.
earlier texts. Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the 18th century. In the 19th, Vladimir Dal compiled the first dictionary that included dialectal vocabulary. Detailed mapping of Russian dialects began at the turn of the 20th century. In modern times, the monumental Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Language ( [dlktitskj ats ruskv jzka]), was published in three folio volumes 19861989, after four decades of preparatory work. Orthography Russian spelling is reasonably phonemic in practice. It is in fact a balance among phonemics, morphology, etymology, and grammar; and, like that of most living languages, has its share of inconsistencies and controversial points. A number of rigid spelling rules introduced between the 1880s and 1910s have been responsible for the former whilst trying to eliminate the latter. The current spelling follows the major reform of 1918, and the final codification of 1956. An
several of his writings. I did not go to Spain quite unprepared for my work. I had carefully studied the Paleographie of Christoval Rodriguez; I have also spent much time in deciphering such old Spanish documents as were to be found in the libraries of London and Paris. . . . [At Simancas.] The first thing I considered it necessary to do was to study most carefully, not only the Spanish orthography of the period, but that of each statesman in particular who could be supposed to have written any of these letters. Even this was not sufficient. I had to study the turns of thought, and the favourite words and expressions of each statesman. Long and curious lists, covering many sheets of paper, lay during many months on my writing-table, and were stuck up against the wall of my room. I did not discover any of the keys to the ciphers in a methodical manner
annaabi.ee 
