and northward into the Arctic Ocean The area of Canada is about 9,984,670 km2 The biggest cities are Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver The population of Canada is about 35,344,962 The main languages in Canada are English and French History First settlers entered Canada through Beringia by way of the Bering land bridge Some of their cultures had collapsed by the time European explorers arrived in the late 15th and early 16th centuries The first known attempt at European colonization began when Norsemen settled briefly at L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland around 1000 AD Goverment Canada has a parliamentary system within the context of a constitutional monarchy The sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II, who also serves as head of state of 15 other Commonwealth countries and each of Canada's ten provinces People Justin Bieber is a singer from Canada Jim Carry, Ellen Page, Ryan Gosling and Myke Myers are some of the famous movie acters from Canada Deadmau5 is a famous DJ from Canada Nature
Fourth level Fifth level History The history of England began with the arrival of humans thousands of years ago In AD 43 the Roman conquest of Britain began; the Romans maintained control of their province of Britannia through to the 5th century. The Roman departure opened the door for the Anglo-Saxon invasion Raids by the Vikings were frequent after about AD 800, and the Norsemen took control of large parts of what is now England In 1066, the Normans invaded and conquered England. 1348 was the Blach Death, which killed half on England population During the Renaissance, England was ruled by the Tudors England had conquered Wales in the 12th century and was then united with Scotland in the early 18th century to form the Kingdom of Great Britain Following the Industrial Revolution, Great Britain ruled a worldwide Empire, the largest in the world
Roman Christianity soon prevailed Anglo-Saxon poetry: a peculiar combination of pagan traditions and the Christian belief No written literature at first Stories and poems were to be memorised Letters called "runes" carved in wood and stone Fighting everyone in sight A king's power was not hereditary, depended on the ability to win battles The power of the kingdom depended on the strength of its king in battle Danish raids In the 8th c Vikings, Norsemen or Danes invaded By 870 the kingdoms of East Anglia, Northumbria, and Mercia overthrown Preparations to overthrow Wessex Defeated by King Alfred England divided: Wessex in the south and west (Saxon law) Danelaw in the north and east (Danish law) King Alfred Alfred the Great The only monarch in English history with this title An able warrior A dedicated scholar The only English monarch for a long time afterwards who was able to
interior, and then travelled on to the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River. The third group of people inhabited the Arctic regions. The first two groups were called Indians, the group that settled in the north were called Eskimos. These people are the only true native Canadians, the rest are new Canadians who have been transplanted from other parts of the world, especially from Europe. The first European visitors to North America were Norsemen who settled briefly in the 11th century. John Cabot, a Venetian seeking riches for England, made the next known voyage in 1497. He took back word that the sea was full of fish which could be taken not only with a net but in baskets let down into the water. The early 1500s saw the start of a rush by other seafaring countries to fish in the coastal waters of Canada. Finally the contest of claims came down to two: England and France
after the 17th century, the castle was repaired by the Marquess of Bute before passing into state care last century.The castle was built either by Alan, High Steward of Scotland (d.1204), or by his son Walter Stewart (d.1246), ancestor of the House of Stuart or Stewart. Alan was granted the lands of the Isle of Bute by William I in 1200. A wooden castle was constructed first, but the stone circular curtain wall was in place by the 1230s, when the castle was attacked and taken by Norsemen under Gillespec MacDougall (known as Uspak in Norse), grandson of Somerled. According to The Saga of Haakon Haakonsson, the Norsemen fought for three days to take the castle, breaking down part of the eastern wall by hewing the stone with their axes, and certainly the eastern wall shows signs of damage. This saga is the earliest recorded account of an assault on a Scottish castle. In 1263, Rothesay was taken again by the Norse under Haakon IV before the Battle of Largs. Although the
One of the most remote, sparsely settled regions in the world, it has a population of 31,906, mostly Inuit. 8. European discoverers of Canada (Irish (?), Viking, British, French). St Brendan the Navigator, an Irish monk, is told to have taken a seven-year yoyage in the 6th century across the North Atlantic Ocean and he could have reached Canada. However, as far as we know, the first white men to discover the Atlantic seaboard of North America were the Norsemen from Greenland about 1000 AD. On 20 May in 1497 an Italian named John Cabot sailed west from Bristol in England, hoping to reach Kathay. He sighted land on 24 June rediscovered of Canada's eastern shores and landed somewhere near Newfoundland, Maine or Cape Breton Island. King Henry VII gave him 10 pounds for "finding a new isle" and sponsored a new yoyage. Jaques Cartier did three expeditions to Canada. He sailed from Northern France in 1534, 1535-1536 and 1541-1542 and
Britain experienced another wave of Germanic raids and invasions in the ninth century. These invaders, known as Vikings, came from Scandinаvia1. Like the Anglo-Saxons some 400 years earlier, they only raided at first, burning and plundering churches and monasteries along the coasts of Britain and Ireland. In 865 the Vikings invaded the islands. This time they came to conquer and to settle. The Vikings from Denmark (Danes) went mostly to England and Wales, and those from Norway (Norsemen) went mainly to Scotland and Ireland. By 875, Danish Vikings had conquered every English kingdom except Wessex. The Division Their conquest of England was halted when King Alfred of Wessex2 defeated the Danes in a decisive battle and made a treaty with them in 878. By the terms of the treaty, the Danes accepted Christianity. They also agreed to live in the north and east of England – the area which was called the Danelaw3
royal courts. To his surprise, Becket refused to agree. Becket fled to France after defying Henry. Four foolish knights seeking to please the king, killed Becket in front of the altar, where he was praing. However, Henry was very sad to hear about his friends death. *The Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland, the Pale King Henry II gained papal approval to invade Ireland. However, the invasion of Ireland was not motivated by religion. The invasion force captured Wexford on the Norsemen. Despite the ongoing negotiations Dublin fell and the establishment of a small Anglo-Norman colony, known as The Pale, marks the start point of foreign rule over Ireland. Without too much of a fight all Irish kings gave in to Henry II. The Anglo-Norman authority outside the protected colony, The pale, was non- existent. Henry II reached an agreement with the Irish and they signed the Treaty of Windsor. By this Treaty Rory O'Connor became the monarch of all the unconquered areas of Ireland
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