A line of active volcanoes stretches along the north coast of the mainland and continues on the island of New Britain. To the north and south of this central mountain range on the main island lie vast stretches of mangrove swamps and coastal river deltas. /1/ Volcanoes and thermal pools are also found in the southeast of other islands. Papua New Guinea offers the greatest variety of terrestrial ecosystems in the South Pacific, including five types of lowland rainforest, 13 types of montane rainforest, five varieties of palm and swamp forest and three different mangrove forests. Two-thirds of the world's species of orchids come from New Guinea. /1/ Birds include 38 species of the bird of paradise, and the megapode and cassowary. Marsupials and mammals include cuscus, tree kangaroos, wallabies, bandicoots, spiny anteaters and, in the coastal waters, the dugong. There are between 170 and 200 species of frog and 450 species of butterfly. /3/
amphibians and 2 extinct species.There lives 121 persons per 1 square kilometers. As one of only five areas with a Mediterranean type climate in the world, all of which are on the hotspot list, the California Floristic Province is characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. The region contains a wide variety of ecosystems, including sagebrush steppe, coastal sage scrub, chaparral, juniper-pine woodland, upper montane-subalpine forest, alpine forest, riparian forest, cypress forests, mixed evergreen forests, Douglas fir forests, sequoia forests, redwood forests, coastal dunes, and salt marshes. Today, about 80,000 square kilometers or 24.7 percent of the original vegetation, remains in more or less pristine condition. Sagebrush steppe coastal sage scrub chaparral subalpine forest redwood forests
3. Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp 4. Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition -type vegetation 5. Natural dystrophic lakes and ponds 6. Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) (* important orchid sites) 7. Fennoscandian lowland species-rich dry to mesic grasslands 8. Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to alpine levels 9. Northern boreal alluvial meadows 10. Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis) 11. Fennoscandian wooded meadows 12. Active raised bogs 13. Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration 14. Transition mires and quaking bogs 15. Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion 16. Alkaline fens 17. Western Taïga 18. Fennoscandian herb-rich forests with Picea abies 19
Põhiliselt on Andides troopilised vihmametsad. Erinevatel kõrgustel on aga erinevad bioomid, 3000-4000 km on pilvemetsad, kõrgemal 12 paramo ja puna. Puuliikidest kasvavad näiteks matepuu, lepp, lodjapuu, kletra, veinmannia, pähklipuu, toompuu ja porss (South America, 2016). Piirkond kannatab põllumajanduse laienemise, karjamaa, kaevandamise ja metsaraie käes (Northern Andean Montane Forests, 2016). 4.3. Tööstus Tööstuses on põhilised toorained vask, tina, hõbe, plii, tsink, kuld, plaatina, smaragdid, vismut, vanaadium, kivisüsi, raud ja nafta. Metallurgia osatähtsus Andides on maailma üks suurimaid. (Andes Mountains, 2016) Tööstusharudest on veel levinud kala-, tekstiili-, klaasi-, puidu-, tsemendi- ja õlitööstused. On ka kergetööstus, kus tehakse riideid ja jalanõusid, toiduaineid, jooke ja ehteid. Tegeletakse ka kemikaalide, nafta ja erinevate
transported down river could be transferred to seagoing ships. Phytogeographically, the Czech Republic belongs to the Central European province of the Circumboreal Region, within the Boreal Kingdom. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature, the territory of the Czech Republic can be subdivided into four ecoregions: the Central European mixed forests, Pannonian mixed forests, Western European broadleaf forests and Carpathian montane conifer forests. There are four national parks in the Czech Republic. The oldest is Krkonose National Park (Biosphere Reserve), Sumava National Park (Biosphere Reserve), National Park Podyjí, Ceské Svcarsko National Park. 14 WEATHER AND CLIMATE The Czech Republic has a temperate continental climate, with relatively hot summers and cold, cloudy and snowy winters
annaabi.ee 
