and Africa were considered barbarians, who were inferior to the white man intended to be surpressed because for the difference in civilizations and traditions. Only with the arrival of the likes of Rousseau did the savage become something exciting and noble, a new and strange idea that could teach us a different way of living. Noble savage was sneaking its way into literature Friday in Robinson Crusoe (1719), Uncas in Last of the Mohicans (1826); and with the arrival of television, into film an TV series Tonto in The Lone Ranger (1949-1957), Pochahontas (1995) and Nobody in Dead Man (1995). Pop culture has defined the noble savage as a mentor to the modern man, a guide to the spiritual world and to the ways of the nature. In order to qualify as a mentor the character must give us a different perspective on what we are used to experiencing. A savage is perfect for the roll alien traditions, differing
pronounced, and used words differently. The Romantic Traditions James Fenimore Cooper James Fenimore Cooper (September 15, 1789 September 14, 1851) was a prolific and popular American writer of the early 19th century. He is best remembered as a novelist who wrote numerous sea-stories and the historical novels known as the Leatherstocking Tales, featuring frontiersman Natty Bumppo. Among his most famous works is the Romantic novel The Last of the Mohicans, which many consider to be his masterpiece. Further information: List of James Fenimore Cooper writings. He anonymously published his first book, Precaution (1820). He soon issued several others under his own name. In 1823, he published The Pioneers; this was the first of the Leatherstocking series, featuring Natty Bumppo, the resourceful American woodsman at home with the Delaware Indians and especially their chief Chingachgook. Cooper's most
Sketch Book (1819-1820), which includes Rip Van Winkle, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Bracebridge Hall (1822). Irving was the first Am writer to win the respect of British lit critics. (also the first internationally famous author from the USA) James Fenimore Cooper was perhaps the most popular writer of the period. He drew inspiration for his five volume series of Leatherstocking Tales (1823-1841) from Walter Scott's Waverley novels. The tales, which include The Last of the Mohicans, recount the adventures of the great frontiersman Natty Bumppo, nicknamed `Leatherstocking'. Cooper shows great skill in weaving history into the exciting plots and in creating credible and identifiably Am characters. His works sold widely in Am, Britain and Europe. Edgar Allan Poe was a southerner who moved north to find work as an author and editor in Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York City. His gothic tales of horror included the Romantic elements of fantasy and terror
In the U.S, romantic Gothic literature made an early appearance with Washington Irving's The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1820) and Rip Van Winkle (1819), followed from 1823 onwards by the Leatherstocking Tales of James Fenimore Cooper, with their emphasis on heroic simplicity and their fervent landscape descriptions of an alreadyexotic mythicized frontier peopled by "noble savages", similar to the philosophical theory of Rousseau, exemplified by Uncas, from The Last of the Mohicans. There are picturesque "local color" elements in Washington Irving's essays and especially his travel books. Edgar Allan Poe's tales of the macabre and his balladic poetry were more influential in France than at home, but the romantic American novel developed fully with the atmosphere and melodrama of Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter (1850). Later Transcendentalist writers such as Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson still
Enemies include both the villains or antagonists of stories and their under lings. Enemies may perform functions of other archetypes such as the Shadow, the Trickster, the Threshold Guardian, and sometimes the Herald. T H E RIVAL A special type of Enemy is the rival, the hero's competition in love, sports, business, or some other enterprise. T h e rival is usually not out to kill the hero, but is just trying to defeat h i m in the competition. In the film The Last of the Mohicans, Major Duncan Hayward is the rival of hero Nathaniel Poe because they both want the same woman, Cora M u n r o . T h e plot of Honeymoon in Vegas revolves around a similar rivalry between the hapless hero ( N i c o l a s C a g e ) and his gambler opponent (James C a a n ) . 138 T E S T S , ALLIES, ENEMIES N E W RULES
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