Kordamisküsimused rakubioloogias: Molekulaarbioloogia on teadus bioloogiliste makromolekulide struktuurist ja funktsioonist, nende biosünteesi mehanismidest ja regulatsioonist. 1. Fakte rakkude uurimise ajaloost. Rakkude uurimise meetodid. - 20. saj. Teises pooles – makromolekulide ruumilise struktuuri ja funktsiooni vaheliste seoste selgitamine 1953 1) 1590 - esimese primitiivse liitmikroskoobi leiutamine hollandlastest vendade Janssenite poolt. 1625 võttis termini “mikroskoop” kasutusele Faber (micros – väike; skopea – vaatama) 2) 1665 – esmakordne raku kirjeldus. R. Hooke, uuris surnud korgirakke ja andis nende esmakirjelduse. Ta märkas kambrikesi ja võttis kasutusele mõiste “rakk” (cellula). 3) 17. saj.II pool – A. van Leeuwenhoek, täiustas mikroskoope, uuris mitmeid erinevaid rakke – ainurakseid, baktereid, erütrotsüüte, spermatosoide, aga ka plastiide. Oli iseõppija, kellel oli piisaval...
1. (a) (i) gene length of DNA; codes for a (specific), polypeptide / protein / RNA; max 1 allele alternative form of a gene; found at a, locus / particular position on, a chromosome; max 1 (ii) assume allele refers to coat colour allele (coat colour) gene / alleles, only on X chromosome; A no (coat colour), gene / allele, on Y chromosome male cats, XY / only have one X chromosome; males have only one (coat colour) allele / cannot have two (coat colour) alleles; need black and orange alleles for tortoiseshell colour; 2 r r w w (b) parental genotypes C C × C C ; r w ...
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