Ends with -fe Change f to v then Add -s knife - knives life - lives wife - wives Ends with -f Change f to v then Add -es half - halves wolf - wolves loaf - loaves Ends with -o Add -es potato potatoes tomato - tomatoes volcano - volcanoes ends with -us Change -us to -i cactus - cacti nucleus - nuclei focus - foci
2 Write sentences using the information in the table. 1 Mary likes singing, travelling and ice cream. 2 Tom likes ice cream, stories about animals and travelling. 3 Mary doesn´t like stories about animals or watching cartoons. 4 Tom doesn´t like watching cartoons or singing. 5 They both like ice cream and travelling. 6 Neither of them like watching cartoons. 3 Write in the plural. 1 calf calves 7 tooth teeth 13 loaf loaves 2 ox oxen 8 child children 14 man men 3 sheep sheep 9 wolf wolves 15 foot feet 4 deer deer 10 buffalo buffaloes 16 goose geese 5 mouse mice 11 hoof hooves 17 shelf shelves 6 knife knives 12 mink mink 18 theif thieves 4 Read the story and decide if the statements are true or false. Write T
Estonian National Cuisine re a d a c k B Bl The word ,,bread" came to Estonian from Germanic languages. Traditional black bread spread in Estonia in the second century. In a household people usually baked bread on Saturdays. Depending on the size of the family, they usually made 6-10 loaves of bread. One loaf of bread usually weighed about 2-5 kg. Beliefs and habits If a piece of bread was dropped, it had to be picked up and given a kiss so that hunger would not come to the house. A loaf of bread was never put on a table upside crust down. That would predict a family member's death. It was not allowed to lay a loaf of bread with its cut side to the door, because then the house would run out of bread.
· more than one Jones / Joneses BUT! Photos, kilos, pianos, zeros, studios, radios. When the word ends in the letter -y: · country / countries · family / families · story / stories Nouns ending in -f: (should be learned by heart) · calf / calves · elf / elves · half / halves · knife / knives · life / lives · leaf / leaves · loaf / loaves · scarf / scarves (s) · self / selves · sheaf / sheaves · shelf / shel ves · thief / thieves · wolf / wolves There are, however, exceptions: · dwarf / dwarfs · roof / roofs · chief / chiefs · staff / staffs · chiff / chiffs · safe / safes · still life / still lifes Irregular plural: · child / children
monkey monkeys toy toys trolley trolleys valley valleys 26 If a noun ends in -f, you often change f to v, and add -es. Singular Plural Singular Plural calf calves loaf loaves v es f elf elves shelf shelves half halves thief thieves leaf leaves wolf wolves m ar H am f s Gr elp
(fatty tissues), usually in the range of 80°C, to cooking (Barbut et al. 1996). Results from 143 144 Chapter 7 Table 7.1. Classification and Examples of Emulsified Meat Products (From Heinz 2007 and Feiner 2006) Classification criteria Examples Shape Sausages, balls, loaves Size — Small-caliber: Frankfurters, Vienna, hot-dogs sausages — Large caliber: Bologna, Lyoner sausages Composition Pork, beef, poultry mixed or pure, cereals, vegetables, various seasoning and flavorings Geographical origin — mortadella (Italy) — Lyoner sausage, foam or emulsion or block of fattened duck liver
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